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先秦 Pre-Qin · 诗经 Classic of Poetry

野有蔓草

Vines in the Wild

诗经

Book of Songs

爱情Love 婚姻Theme

野有蔓草，零露漙兮。
有美一人，清扬婉兮。
邂逅相遇，适我愿兮。
野有蔓草，零露瀼瀼。
有美一人，婉如清扬。
邂逅相遇，与子偕臧。

In the wild grow trailing vines; the falling dew lies bright in drops.
There is a beautiful one; clear-browed and gentle she is.
We meet by chance, it fits my heart's desire.
In the wild grow trailing vines; the falling dew lies rich and heavy.
There is a beautiful one; gentle as she is clear-browed.
We meet by chance, with you I share in bliss.

Listen

Meaning

In the wild the trailing grass spreads, and the dew beads bright and round. There is a beautiful maiden, clear-browed and gentle. Meeting by chance, it exactly answers my wish. In the wild the trailing grass spreads, and the dew lies rich and full. There is a beautiful maiden, gentle and clear-browed. Meeting by chance, with you I share in tender joy.

野地里有蔓延的青草，露珠晶莹团团。有一位美丽的少女，眉目清扬温婉。不期而遇两相逢，正合我心中所愿。野地里有蔓延的青草，露珠盛多瀼瀼。有一位美丽的少女，温婉而眉目清扬。不期而遇两相逢，与你就此共藏情长。

Appreciation

This poem uses repeated stanzas, the two sections changing only a few words ('bright drops', 'rich and heavy'; 'gentle she is', 'gentle as clear-browed'; 'fits my wish', 'share in bliss'), circling with deepening feeling. The stirring opening 'In the wild grow trailing vines; the falling dew lies bright' uses the fresh setting of spring wilds and dew to set off the romance of the chance meeting, scene within stir. 'There is a beautiful one; clear-browed and gentle' moves from scene to person, focusing on the spirit of her brows. The close 'we meet by chance' names the encounter, and 'fits my wish', 'share in bliss' states plainly the mutual joy. The language is clear and natural, unworked, writing intense feeling in plain strokes, the bright, frank truth of the Zheng Feng love songs.

【白话串讲】 “野有蔓草，零露漙兮。有美一人，清扬婉兮”——野草上挂着露珠，一个女子眼睛清亮。“邂逅相遇，适我愿兮”——不期而遇，正合我意。这是中国最早的“偶遇”诗，干净、美好。【意象与手法】本诗重章复沓，两章仅换「漙／瀼瀼」「婉兮／如清扬」「适我愿／偕臧」数词，回环咏叹，情致渐深。起兴「野有蔓草，零露漙兮」以春野草露的清新背景烘托邂逅之浪漫，兴中有景；「有美一人，清扬婉兮」由景及人，聚焦眉目之神；末句「邂逅相遇」点明机缘，「适我愿」「与子偕臧」直抒两情相悦。语言清丽自然，不事雕琢，以简淡之笔写浓烈之情。【情感与主旨】《野有蔓草》为《诗经·郑风》中的情诗。郑国上巳（三月三）有溱洧水滨祓禊游春之俗，青年男女于此聚会欢会，《郑风·溱洧》可证。此诗正写一位男子于春野露草之间，与心仪女子不期而遇、一见倾心之事，洋溢着先秦民间爱情的大胆与率真。【名句点睛】中高考常考：一、起兴手法，「野有蔓草，零露漙兮」如何以景引情、烘托氛围；二、「清扬婉兮」的写人之妙；三、「邂逅相遇」一词的出处与意味；四、重章换字的情感递进。

Background

Vines in the Wild is a love song in the Book of Songs, Zheng Feng. Zheng held a spring third-day riverside bathing-and-wandering custom at the Wen and Wei streams, where young men and women gathered to meet and rejoice, attested by the Zheng Feng's 'The Wen and Wei'. This poem exactly writes a man who, amid spring wilds and dew grass, chances upon the maiden he loves and is smitten at first sight. The old reading sometimes takes it as satirizing a disordered age where men and women miss their season, but in truth it is closer to the folk song's joy of 'meeting by chance'. 'Clear-browed and gentle' writes the beauty of her brows and eyes; 'with you I share in bliss' plainly states the two hearts' delight, brimming with the boldness and frankness of pre-Qin folk love.

《野有蔓草》为《诗经·郑风》中的情诗，两章，章六句，写一位男子在春野露草之间与心仪女子不期而遇、一见倾心的欢愉。郑国地处中原，风气开放，青年男女交往自由，《郑风》多写男女之情；据《郑风·溱洧》「溱与洧，方涣涣兮。士与女，方秉蕑兮」所写，郑国上巳节（三月三）有临水祓禊、游春聚会的风俗，青年男女于此期间相互结识、自由恋爱，此诗正是这种风俗的产物。旧说或谓刺乱世男女失时，如《毛诗序》以为「思遇时也，君子在下，不见用而思与君子遇」，系托男女以喻君臣遇合；然细味诗意，更近民歌中「邂逅相遇」的欢愉之歌。诗中「清扬婉兮」写女子眉目之美，「与子偕臧」明写两情相悦、共赴欢好，洋溢着先秦民间爱情的大胆与率真，是研究周代婚恋风俗的重要文本。又周代婚俗，男女以仲春之月相会，《周礼·地官》有「中春之月，令会男女，于是时也，奔者不禁」之制，此诗写春野邂逅、两情相悦，正与这一婚俗相应，是研究先秦礼俗与民歌关系的重要资料；且郑国溱洧之滨，历来为青年男女游春欢会之所，《溱洧》可证，此诗正是这种风俗下的产物，其情感表达之自然坦率，正是民歌的本色。

Art

The poem repeats its stanzas, the two parts changing only 'bright drops, rich and heavy', 'gentle she is, gentle as clear-browed', 'fits my wish, share in bliss', circling with deepening emotion. The stirring 'In the wild grow trailing vines; the falling dew lies bright' sets the fresh background of spring grass and dew to set off the romance of the encounter, scene within stir. 'There is a beautiful one; clear-browed and gentle' turns from scene to person, fixing the light of her brows. The last line 'we meet by chance' names the meeting, and 'fits my wish', 'with you I share in bliss' directly voices mutual delight. The language is lucid and natural, unwrought, writing strong feeling in light strokes, the bright frankness of the Zheng Feng love songs.

本诗艺术之妙，在重章复沓、兴中含情。两章句式结构完全相同，仅换「漙／瀼瀼」「婉兮／如清扬」「适我愿／偕臧」数词，回环咏叹，情致渐深。起兴「野有蔓草，零露漙兮」以春野之草、晶莹之露起笔：野草蔓生，露珠团团，清晨的田野清新明丽，兴中有景，景中含情——正是这春意盎然的背景，才衬得起一场美丽的邂逅。「有美一人，清扬婉兮」由景及人：不写女子衣饰、身段，只写眉目——「清扬」写眉目清秀、神采飞扬，「婉」写其温婉柔美，以局部代全体，含蓄传神。「邂逅相遇，适我愿兮」点明机缘与心情：不期而遇，正合我愿，直抒倾心之喜。末章「与子偕臧」由愿及行，写两情相悦、共赴欢好，情感升华。语言清丽自然，不事雕琢，以简淡之笔写浓烈之情，尽显《郑风》情歌的明快真率。全诗两章，重章换字而情致递进：首章由景及人、由人及愿，末章由人及情、由情及好，一进一深，如春潮渐涨；且起兴之句清新明丽，写人之句含蓄传神，言情之句率真大胆，三者在六句之中浑然一体，正是民歌「清水出芙蓉」的本色，也是《诗经》兴、观、群、怨之教中「兴」的典范。

Allusions

The word 'clear-browed' comes from the Book of Songs, describing bright, spirited eyes and brows; 'clear-browed and gentle' here and 'gentle as clear-browed' are mutually illustrative, later a common phrase for a lovely woman. 'Chance meeting' means an unlooked-for encounter; this poem is a classic source of the word, and 'meet by chance' has been used ever since. 'Share in bliss', 'bliss' means good and fair; here extended to mean mutual love's delight. The diction largely draws on the Book of Songs' own common words; no obscure allusions, the feeling carried purely by folk imagery, natural and whole.

此诗用字多本于《诗经》常语与周代礼俗，无生僻典实，纯以民歌意象传情。「清扬」本为眉目清秀、神采飞扬之义，《郑风·野有蔓草》首用「清扬婉兮」与「婉如清扬」，互文见义，后遂成为形容女子姣好的经典语汇，后世「眉清目秀」即由此化出。「邂逅」即不期而遇，此诗为「邂逅」一词最早的出处之一，《诗经》中仅此一见，后世「邂逅相遇」「邂逅相逢」沿用至今，皆本此诗。「漙」「瀼瀼」皆写露珠之态：漙写露珠圆润晶莹，瀼瀼写露珠盛多，两章换字，写晨露由少而多、由团而盛，时光流逝而情意愈浓。「臧」训善、美，此处引申为两情欢好，「与子偕臧」直写共赴幽期，率真自然。全诗以《诗》之常语写寻常之事，浑朴天成，正见民歌「缘事而发」的本色。又「清扬婉兮」与「婉如清扬」两章互文，写眉目清扬而又温婉，一「清」一「婉」，一刚一柔，兼得神采与韵致；「零露漙兮」「零露瀼瀼」以露之由少而多写时光之流转，晨光渐升而情意愈浓，兴中有情，正是《诗经》起兴「先言他物以引起所咏之词」的妙用，其以物写时、以时写情的笔法，尤为后世民歌所祖。

Commentary

The Mao Preface says 'thinking of meeting the times, the gentleman below, unseen and unemployed, thinks of meeting a gentleman', far-fetched; Zhu Xi's Poetry Commentary plainly states 'man and woman meet between wild grass and dew, hence he describes the scene'. The modern Yu Guanying, in his Selection, comments: 'This is a love song, writing the joy of a chance meeting.' Its fresh brightness ranks high among the Zheng Feng love songs; Fang Yurun's Origin of the Book of Songs also calls it 'a clear scene like a painting, turning delicate into the subtle'.

《野有蔓草》历来解读颇多。《毛诗序》谓「思遇时也，君子在下，不见用而思与君子遇」，牵合君臣，多被后世诟病为附会；朱熹《诗集传》直言「男女相遇于野田草露之间，故赋其情景」，还其情诗本色；清代方玉润《诗经原始》称其「清景如画，婉转入微」，赏其写景之清新、写情之婉转。近人余冠英《诗经选》评：「这是一首恋歌，写一次邂逅相遇的欢喜。」已为今人共识。此诗的价值，一在民俗学意义：写周代上巳节男女野遇之俗，可见先秦婚恋之自由；二在文学史意义：「清扬婉兮」的写人之法、「邂逅相遇」的成语源头、重章换字的情感递进，皆为后世文学所祖。清新明丽，为《郑风》情诗上乘，也是《诗经》中流传最广的篇什之一。又此诗「邂逅相遇，适我愿兮」之语，自汉魏以来成为「艳遇」「良缘」的代称，曹植《洛神赋》「悼良会之永绝兮，哀一逝而异乡」即承此而翻出新境；近人闻一多《风诗类钞》以「邂逅」为男女野合之诗，其说虽可商榷，亦见此题旨解读之多元；要之，此诗清新明丽、情真意挚，为《郑风》情诗中不可多得的上品，其「清扬」「邂逅」等语汇至今仍活在汉语之中，可见其生命力之绵长。

Prosody

Form Book of Songs, Zheng Feng (four-character verse)诗经·郑风·国风（四言诗）

Rhyme drops, gentle, wish (yuan group); heavy, brows, bliss (yang group). Repeated stanzas change rhyme首章漙、婉、愿叶韵（元部），次章瀼、扬、臧叶韵（阳部），两章换韵。

Tone pattern Four-character, two-two beat, tone follows the music四言二二节拍，如「野有／蔓草」「零露／漙兮」，节奏整齐，回环往复；古乐失传，音调不可考，以重章叠唱推之，当为反复咏叹、一唱三叹之调。

Reading note Repeated stanzas, scene and feeling blended, stir within statement.《野有蔓草》为《诗经·郑风》中的四言短章，两章，章六句，章法上采用《诗经》典型的「重章叠唱」体：两章仅换数字（漙／瀼瀼，婉兮／如清扬，适我愿兮／与子偕臧），其余字句完全重复，回环往复，一唱三叹，正合乐歌反复咏唱的特点。两章换韵：首章漙、婉、愿叶元部韵，次章瀼、扬、臧叶阳部韵，换韵如换境——首章韵脚低沉圆转，写晨露初凝、情意初萌；次章韵脚响亮开阔，写露盛情浓、两情相悦，声情随情感递进而变。四言二二节拍，节奏整齐，如鼓点般平稳推进，正合民歌「缘事而发」的质朴本色。全诗六句一意：起兴写景，承句写人，转句写遇，合句写愿，章法完整而情感递进，是《诗经》短章中起兴、写人、言情三者结合得最为浑成的篇什之一，其清新明丽为《郑风》情诗上乘，也是后世「邂逅」母题的文学源头。

Line by line

野有蔓草，零露漙兮。有美一人，清扬婉兮。邂逅相遇，适我愿兮。

In the wilds spread the trailing grasses, and the dew lies thick upon them. There is a beautiful maiden, bright-eyed and gentle. We meet by chance, and she is all my heart's desire.

野地里有蔓延的青草，露珠晶莹团团。有一位美丽的少女，眉目清扬温婉。不期而遇两相逢，正合我心中所愿。

In the meadow spread tangled vines of green, the dew-drops round and glistening. There is a lovely maiden, clear-eyed and winning. By chance we meet, and she is all my heart's desire.

首章六句，由景及人、由人及情，一气流转。起兴「野有蔓草，零露漙兮」以春野草露起笔：野草蔓生、露珠团团，清晨的田野清新明丽，兴中有景，为一场美丽的邂逅铺设了浪漫的背景——草之蔓生写春意之盛，露之晶莹写朝光之美，正是一片生机勃勃的天地。「有美一人，清扬婉兮」由景及人：不写衣饰身段，只写眉目，「清扬」写其眉目清秀、神采飞扬，「婉」写其温婉柔美，以局部代全体，一位清丽脱俗的少女如在目前。「邂逅相遇，适我愿兮」点明机缘与心情：不期而遇，正合我愿，直抒倾心之喜，率真可爱。

Six lines, moving from scene to person, from person to feeling, flowing in one breath. The rising image, in the wilds spread the trailing grasses, and the dew lies thick upon them, opens on spring meadow dew: vines spreading, dewdrops clustered, the morning field fresh and bright; the image carries the scene, laying a romantic background for a lovely chance meeting: the spreading grass writes the fullness of spring, the glistening dew the beauty of morning light, a world alive. There is a beautiful maiden, bright-eyed and gentle moves from scene to person: no dress, no figure, only the eyes and brows; bright writes her clear, spirited glance, gentle her tender grace; the part stands for the whole, and a clear, unworldly girl stands before the eyes. We meet by chance, and she is all my heart's desire names the chance and the feeling: an unplanned meeting, exactly as I wish; the joy of falling for someone is spoken straight out, frank and charming.

野有蔓草，零露瀼瀼。有美一人，婉如清扬。邂逅相遇，与子偕臧。

In the wilds spread the trailing grasses, and the dew lies heavy on them. There is a beautiful maiden, gentle as her bright eyes. We meet by chance, and together we are perfect, she and I.

野地里有蔓延的青草，露珠盛多瀼瀼。有一位美丽的少女，温婉而眉目清扬。不期而遇两相逢，与你就此共藏情长。

In the meadow spread tangled vines of green, the dew-drops abundant and glistening. There is a lovely maiden, gentle and clear-eyed. By chance we meet, and together, she and I, we are perfectly matched.

末章重章换字，情致更深一层。「零露瀼瀼」换「零露漙兮」：漙写露珠圆润，瀼瀼写露珠盛多，晨光渐高，露水愈盛，时间在流逝，而相遇之欢愈浓；「婉如清扬」换「清扬婉兮」：语序颠倒而互文见义，写女子既温婉又清扬，美之两面皆备，愈见倾慕之深；「与子偕臧」换「适我愿兮」：由「正合我愿」的内心独白，进为「与你共藏」的双向盟誓——「臧」训善美，引申为两情欢好，「与子偕臧」直写共赴欢好、两情相悦，情感由「我愿」升华为「偕臧」，由单方倾心进为双方携手。两章回环咏叹，情感层层推进，以民歌特有的复沓之体，写出了邂逅之喜的步步深化。

The last stanza refrains with changed words, the feeling one layer deeper. The dew lies heavy on them replaces the dew lies thick: thick writes the roundness of each drop, heavy their abundance; as morning rises, the dew grows richer, time passes, and the joy of meeting deepens. Gentle as her bright eyes reverses bright-eyed and gentle: the inverted order shares the sense, writing the girl as at once gentle and bright, both sides of her beauty, and the admiration deeper. Together we are perfect, she and I replaces she is all my heart's desire: from the inward soliloquy of my wish to the mutual vow of together; cang means fair and good, extended to mutual joy; together we are perfect writes the shared delight, the feeling rising from my wish to our union, from one-sided admiration to two-sided joining. The two stanzas circle and sing, the feeling advancing step by step; in the repeated form native to folk song, the joy of chance meeting is written as it deepens.

Study

Word focus

漙与瀼瀼 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「零露漙兮」与「零露瀼瀼」之「漙」「瀼瀼」，皆写露珠之态，是两章换字中最见匠心的一组。「漙」形容露珠圆润晶莹、团团欲滴，写晨露初凝之态，如珠如玉，晶莹可爱；「瀼瀼」形容露珠盛多繁密，写晨光渐高、露水愈盛之态，如雾如雨，沾衣欲湿。两章换字，写出时间的推移：由露之初凝到露之盛多，晨光渐升，春野愈明，而邂逅之欢亦如晨露，愈积愈浓。此二字皆以叠韵、叠字状物，声情圆转，恰合春野清新之气；且以露之多写情之浓，兴中已含情，正是《诗经》起兴「兴中有比」的典范，二字之妙，足见民歌炼字的精工。

清扬 'Clear-browed' describes bright eyes and lifted brows, spirit and grace; concentrating on the brows and gaze, it sketches the woman's beauty with few strokes and much life. 「清扬婉兮」之「清扬」，写眉目清秀、神采飞扬，是《诗经》写人最传神的字眼之一。「清」写目光之清澈明亮，「扬」写眉目之神采飞扬，两字合观，一位眉清目秀、顾盼生辉的少女宛然在目。此词之妙，在以局部代全体：不写发、不写衣、不写身段，只写眉目——眉目为心灵之窗，写眉目即写其神采、气质与灵性，较之铺陈形貌，更见神韵，故《诗经》写美人多取此法（如《硕人》之「巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮」）。「清扬」亦为《诗经》首创之词，后世「眉清目秀」即由此化出，而「婉」字再加一层温婉柔美，清扬而温婉，美中见德，正合「窈窕淑女」的审美理想，千年之下犹令人神往。

邂逅 'Chance meeting' means an unlooked-for encounter; this poem is a classic source of the word, capturing the sudden, fated delight of meeting the beloved unawares. 「邂逅相遇」之「邂逅」，意为不期而遇、偶然相逢，是此诗贡献给汉语的经典词汇。「邂」「逅」本皆为「相遇」之义，二字连用，写一种未经约定、意外发生的相逢，含惊喜、机缘、天意等丰富的意味。「邂逅」之妙，在于它道出了爱情中最动人的部分：不是安排好的相见，而是偶然的相逢，正因偶然，才显得可贵，仿佛冥冥中的缘分。此词《诗经》中仅此一见，后世遂成「意外相逢」的固定语汇，「邂逅相遇」「邂逅相逢」沿用数千年不衰，皆本此诗。此诗因「邂逅」一词而获得了超越文本的生命力，后世的传奇、小说、戏曲中，才子佳人的「邂逅」模式，正可远溯于此，足见此词文化意蕴之深远。

臧 'Bliss' means good and fair; here extended to the joy of mutual love, the plain closing word that seals the shared happiness of the chance meeting. 「与子偕臧」之「臧」，训善、美，是全诗情感升华的关键字。「臧」本义为善、好，此处引申为两情欢好，故「与子偕臧」即「与你共度美好时光」或「与你共赴欢好」之意。此字之妙，在以「善美」写欢好：不直言「爱」「欢」，而以「臧」字出之，含蓄典雅，既见两情相悦之美，又合《诗经》「乐而不淫」的审美规范。与首章「适我愿兮」对照：适我愿是「我」之愿，偕臧是「你我」共之，由单方之愿进为双方之好，情感由倾慕升华为相悦，重章换字正写情之递进。一字之差，而邂逅之喜从「愿」到「臧」的深化毕现，足见民歌于极简处经营情致的功力。