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清 Qing · 诗 Poem

对酒

To Wine

秋瑾

Qiu Jin

爱国Patriotic 壮志Ambition

不惜千金买宝刀，貂裘换酒也堪豪。
一腔热血勤珍重，洒去犹能化碧涛。

I would not grudge a thousand gold coins for a fine sword,
Nor my sable coat for wine—such heroic deeds are my pride.
I cherish this chestful of hot blood,
But if it be shed, it will turn to surging green tide.

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Meaning

The poet declares her willingness to spend lavishly on a sword and exchange her fur coat for wine, displaying a heroic spirit. She treasures her passion and vows that if she sheds her blood, it will transform into surging green waves, symbolizing her readiness to sacrifice for the revolution.

不吝惜千金去购买锋利的宝刀，脱下貂皮大衣换酒喝也自有一番豪气。满腔热血要勤于珍重，一旦挥洒出去，犹能化作碧血的波涛。

Appreciation

Written around Qiu Jin's trip to Japan, this poem expresses revolutionary ambition. The first two lines depict heroic deeds, the last two lines convey hot blood, rising from personal heroism to national sacrifice. The allusion to 'exchanging sable coat for wine' showcases the poetess's chivalric spirit; 'turning into green waves' is a magnificent and heroic imagination.

【白话串讲】 “不惜千金买宝刀，貂裘换酒也堪豪”——秋瑾写《对酒》：千金买宝刀，貂裘换酒。“一腔热血勤珍重，洒去犹能化碧涛”——她要把热血洒向革命。这位鉴湖女侠，最终从容就义。【意象与手法】此诗以豪语写壮怀，二十八字而侠气逼人。首句「不惜千金买宝刀」，以重金购刀直写任侠之概；次句「貂裘换酒也堪豪」翻用阮孚金貂换酒故实，却以「也堪豪」三字点出女儿胸襟不让须眉。后两句由物及身，「一腔热血勤珍重」陡然郑重，是珍生亦是待死；「洒去犹能化碧涛」以苌弘化碧之典作奇壮想象，将个人鲜血化为翻涌碧涛，意象瑰伟，刚烈中见浪漫，把巾帼报国之志写到极处。【情感与主旨】秋瑾（1875—1907），字竞雄，号鉴湖女侠，浙江绍兴人，近代民主革命家。此诗约作于1905年前后其赴日留学、投身反清革命之际。时清廷腐朽，民族危亡，秋瑾突破闺阁束缚，东渡求学，结交志士，诗酒言兵。诗中「买宝刀」「换酒」皆任侠之气的外化，「热血化碧」则明言以死报国之心。其后她主持大通学堂、组织光复军，1907年事败就义，年仅三十三，此诗恰为其生命与志向的先声。【名句点睛】本诗为近代诗名篇，常入爱国主义教育篇目。考点一：人物形象，概括诗人「任侠豪迈、以身许国」的鉴湖女侠气概；考点二：「貂裘换酒」「化碧涛」两处典故的运用与翻新；考点三：结句「洒去犹能化碧涛」的想象之奇与牺牲精神。

Background

Qiu Jin (1875–1907), styled Jingxiong, known as the 'Lake Jian Heroine', was a modern democratic revolutionary. This poem was composed around 1905 when she went to Japan to study and join the anti-Qing revolution. It reflects her chivalric spirit and determination to die for the country, foreshadowing her later sacrifice.

秋瑾（1875—1907），字竞雄，号鉴湖女侠，浙江绍兴人，中国近代民主革命家、妇女解放运动的先驱。此诗约作于1905年前后，正值她赴日留学、投身反清革命之际。秋瑾出身仕宦之家，本可安享闺阁之乐，然目睹清廷腐败、列强欺凌、民族危亡，她毅然决然突破封建礼教的束缚，自费东渡日本，结交陶成章、徐锡麟等革命志士，创办《中国女报》，倡言革命，诗酒言兵，人称「鉴湖女侠」。诗中「不惜千金买宝刀」写其购刀自砺、「貂裘换酒」写其疏财任气，皆是任侠之气的外化；「一腔热血勤珍重」的郑重与「洒去犹能化碧涛」的决绝，则明言以死报国之心。其后她归国主持绍兴大通学堂、组织光复军，1907年与徐锡麟等密谋起义，事败被捕，从容就义于绍兴轩亭口，年仅三十三岁——此诗恰是她生命与志向的先声，诗中的「碧涛」之誓，竟成谶语。秋瑾出身官宦之家，自幼聪慧，工诗词，善骑马击剑，人称闺中豪杰。1904年，她冲破封建家庭的束缚，变卖首饰，自费东渡日本留学，投身反清革命；在日本，她与陶成章、鲁迅等结识，组织共爱会、加入同盟会，被推为浙江分会主盟人。此诗即作于此期：东渡途中或居日期间，她与革命同志诗酒往还，以宝刀貂裘写任侠，以热血化碧言志，正是其从名门闺秀蜕变为革命女侠的心路写照。

Art

The poem uses bold language in 28 characters to convey a heroic aura. The first line directly portrays lavish spending on a sword; the second line adapts the story of Ruan Fu exchanging his sable coat for wine, highlighting that a woman's spirit is no less than a man's. The last two lines shift to a solemn tone, treasuring life while awaiting death, and use the allusion of Chang Hong to create a magnificent image of blood turning into green waves, blending fierceness with romance.

此诗以豪语写壮怀，二十八字而侠气逼人，其妙在「以侠写志、以典翻新」。首句「不惜千金买宝刀」以重金购刀直写任侠之概：「千金」写其轻财，「宝刀」写其尚武，「不惜」二字更见决绝，一开篇便是女侠的派头。次句「貂裘换酒也堪豪」翻用阮孚金貂换酒的故事，却以「也堪豪」三字点出新意：阮孚换酒是名士的放达，秋瑾换酒却是革命者的疏财，且「也堪豪」三字带着巾帼不让须眉的豪气，把古人的典故翻出了女儿家的新声。后两句由物及身：「一腔热血勤珍重」陡然郑重，从「买刀换酒」的豪纵转入对生命的珍重——「勤珍重」是珍生，亦是待死，正因要以死报国，才更要珍惜这腔热血；「洒去犹能化碧涛」以苌弘化碧之典作奇壮想象，把个人的鲜血化为翻涌的碧涛，意象瑰伟，刚烈中见浪漫。全诗由物而身、由身而志，层层推进，把巾帼报国之志写到极处。此诗在气势上还有一个特点，即由豪而烈的层层递进：前两句写豪——买刀、换酒，是意气风发的侠士之风；后两句写烈——珍重热血、洒去化碧，是视死如归的烈士之志。由豪入烈、由物入心，二十八字中完成了从慷慨到悲壮的情感升华。而『也堪豪』的口吻、『犹能』的自信，又使全诗在决绝中不失乐观，在牺牲中充满力量，正是革命浪漫主义的精神底色，与一般悲秋伤逝的旧诗截然不同。

Allusions

Two allusions are used: 'exchanging sable coat for wine' from Ruan Fu's story, which Qiu Jin uses to depict a revolutionary's disdain for wealth; and 'turning into green waves' from Chang Hong's blood turning into green jade, here changed to 'waves' to suggest surging turmoil, implying the martyr's blood will stir up a tidal wave of change.

此诗两用典故而皆活，是「旧典新声」的范例。「貂裘换酒」本晋人阮孚故事：《晋书·阮孚传》载阮孚为散骑常侍，「尝以金貂换酒，复为有司弹劾」，金貂为官员冠饰，换酒是放达不羁的名士风度。秋瑾借以写革命者的疏财任气，却以「也堪豪」翻出一层：阮孚换酒是个人之放达，秋瑾换酒是革命之豪情，且以女子而效名士之放达，更见其突破礼教的胆识。「化碧涛」用周朝苌弘化碧之典：《庄子·外物》载「苌弘死于蜀，藏其血，三年而化为碧」，碧即碧玉，后以「碧血」称忠烈之血。秋瑾易「碧」为「碧涛」，既承「血」字，又以「涛」写其汹涌澎湃——烈士之血不是一滩死血，而是翻涌的波涛，终将掀动时代的狂澜。两典一写「狂」、一写「烈」，皆不粘不脱，恰助其「休言女子非英物」的豪情。『宝刀』意象在中国文学中源远流长：从曹操《百辟刀令》到李白『宝刀截流水』，宝刀一直是侠士与志士的象征；秋瑾不惜千金买宝刀，正承此传统而赋予其革命的内涵——这柄宝刀不是装饰，而是斩向旧世界的武器。『貂裘换酒』除阮孚外，还暗合李白『五花马，千金裘，呼儿将出换美酒』的豪放，秋瑾取此典而翻出也堪豪的新声，正是以唐人豪气写革命情怀，旧典新用，别开生面，见出她融古典于革命的独特诗学。

Commentary

This poem, along with her line 'Don't say women are not heroic', is considered the crown of women's revolutionary poetry. Liu Yazi praised it as 'sword spirit and flute heart, awakening the decadent world'. It is a model of modern patriotic poetry, showing the power of a life lived through poetry.

此诗与秋瑾另一名句「休言女子非英物，夜夜龙泉壁上鸣」同为其代表作，近世论者推为「女界革命诗之冠」，以为近代女性诗歌的巅峰。柳亚子评「鉴湖女侠诗，剑气箫心，足振末俗」，谓其兼有侠士的剑气与才人的箫心，足以振奋萎靡的世风。今之教材多录此诗，赞其「刚健婀娜，豪宕中见沉郁」——「刚健」是侠气，「婀娜」是女儿身，「豪宕」是豪情，「沉郁」是忧国，四者交融，正是秋瑾其人其诗的本色。此诗在文学史上的意义，在于它是一位女性革命家用生命写成的绝唱：诗中的「宝刀」「碧涛」不只是意象，更是她后来以身践之的誓言——1907年就义时，她年方三十三岁，此诗遂成为中国近代史上「以诗言志、以死践志」的典范，激励了无数后来者，是爱国诗歌传统中不可磨灭的一页。此诗自问世以来，即被推为近代革命诗歌的代表作：它不仅写出了一个女子的豪情，更写出了一个时代的觉醒——在千年封建的沉沉黑夜中，一个女子以宝刀和碧涛宣示了革命与牺牲的信念，其意义远超诗歌本身。今之爱国主义教育多录此诗，正因它集中体现了中华民族在最危难时刻的觉醒与抗争精神；而秋瑾本人以生命践履诗中的誓言，更使此诗具有了超越文学的力量，成为中国近代史上诗与人合一的最高典范，激励着一代又一代后来者。

Prosody

Form Seven-character quatrain七言绝句（仄起首句入韵式）

Rhyme Pingshui rhyme scheme, lower level second xiao (刀 dao, 豪 hao, 涛 tao)押平声韵，韵脚为「刀、豪、涛」，属平水韵下平二萧韵，一韵到底，韵字皆昂扬激越。

Tone pattern First line end-rhymed, level tone opening and closing首句「不惜千金买宝刀」以仄声起，为仄起首句入韵式；「貂裘换酒也堪豪」「洒去犹能化碧涛」平仄相间，声调铿锵，有金戈铁马之气。

Reading note Modern revolutionary poem with free parallelism, bold and vigorous.此诗为七言绝句，二十八字，章法极简而气势极盛：前两句写「侠」（买刀、换酒），后两句写「志」（珍重热血、洒去化碧），由物及身、由身及志，层层推进，一气贯注。格律上，全诗平仄合律，押下平二萧韵，「刀、豪、涛」三字皆开口响亮之音，正合慷慨激昂的声情；首句「不惜千金买宝刀」以仄声起，音节短促有力，如刀出鞘；「也堪豪」「化碧涛」两处收韵，皆以「豪」「涛」的洪亮音节作结，一唱三叹，如鼓声雷动。绝句体短小，最宜写豪言壮语，秋瑾此诗正以绝句之体写革命之志：前两句的明快与后两句的决绝，声情随辞情步步走高，恰似她由东渡求学的豪情走向以身殉国的决绝的生命轨迹。此诗在格律上是标准的七绝，而其声情已完全属于近代革命诗歌的激越一脉，是古典绝句体承载时代最强音的典范。

Line by line

不惜千金买宝刀，貂裘换酒也堪豪

I grudge not a thousand pieces of gold to buy a peerless blade; even trading my sable coat for wine is a deed worth calling bold.

不吝惜千金去购买锋利的宝刀，脱下貂皮大衣换酒喝也自有一番豪气。

I do not grudge a thousand taels of gold to buy a sharp sword; trading my sable coat for wine — that, too, can be called heroic.

起联以豪语写任侠之概，一开篇便立起女侠形象。「不惜千金买宝刀」写其轻财尚武：「千金」是重利，「宝刀」是利器，以千金买刀，正见其视金钱如粪土、视武备为性命的决绝，「不惜」二字更把这种决绝写到极处；「貂裘换酒也堪豪」翻用阮孚金貂换酒的典故，写其疏财纵酒的名士之风，而「也堪豪」三字是全句的魂——貂裘换酒本非女子所为，秋瑾偏说「也堪豪」，正是以女儿之身行豪杰之事、以巾帼之气压须眉之风的自我宣示。两句一写「买刀」、一写「换酒」，一武一文、一刚烈一放达，把革命者的任侠与名士的疏狂熔于一炉，为后两句「热血化碧涛」的以身许国蓄足了势。

The opening couplet writes the chivalrous air in bold words, raising the figure of the woman warrior from the first stroke. I grudge not a thousand pieces of gold to buy a peerless blade writes her lightness of money and love of arms: a thousand gold is great wealth, a peerless blade a weapon of edge; buying the blade with the gold shows the resolve that counts money as dirt and arms as life, and the word grudge not pushes this resolve to the extreme. Even trading my sable coat for wine is a deed worth calling bold transforms Ruan Fu's allusion of trading the golden sable for wine, writing the famous man's freedom with money and wine; and the words can be called bold are the soul of the line: trading a sable for wine is no woman's act, yet Qiu Jin says even that can be called bold — a self-declaration of a woman's body performing the hero's deeds, of a woman's spirit pressing past the bearded men. One line buying a blade, one trading for wine; one martial, one free; one fierce, one uninhibited: the revolutionary's chivalry and the famous man's wild freedom are fused in one furnace, storing full force for the warm blood turning to emerald waves of the closing couplet.

一腔热血勤珍重，洒去犹能化碧涛

Cherish well that full heart of warm blood; when it is spilled, it will rise again into a surge of jade-green waves.

满腔热血要勤于珍重，一旦挥洒出去，犹能化作碧血的波涛。

That breast of warm blood must be treasured well; once shed, it can still turn into a surge of emerald waves.

结联是全诗的升华，由「买刀换酒」的豪纵转入「以身许国」的决绝。「一腔热血勤珍重」陡然郑重：热血是革命者最可宝贵的资本，要「勤珍重」——珍惜它、爱重它，不轻掷、不苟活；然而这「珍重」不是为了保命，而是为了等待「洒去」的那一刻。「洒去犹能化碧涛」以苌弘化碧之典作奇壮想象：一旦热血洒出，犹能化作翻涌的碧涛——碧是碧玉，喻忠烈之血的不朽；涛是波涛，写烈士之血的磅礴力量。这想象瑰伟而决绝：不是怕死，而是视死如归；不是悲壮，而是壮烈。全诗由「不惜千金」的轻财，到「洒去化碧」的舍身，层层递进，把鉴湖女侠以身许国、死而后已的志向写到极处，是近代诗中最具力量的绝唱之一。

The closing couplet is the sublimation of the poem, moving from the abandon of buying blades and trading coats to the resolve of giving one's life to the country. Cherish well that full heart of warm blood turns suddenly solemn: warm blood is the revolutionary's most precious capital, to be cherished well — treasured, valued, not flung away lightly, not clung to in mere survival; yet this cherishing is not to save the life, but to wait for the moment of spilling it. When it is spilled, it will rise again into a surge of jade-green waves uses the allusion to Chang Hong, whose blood turned to green jade after three years, in a strange, grand imagination: once the warm blood is shed, it can still become a surging emerald wave — jade is the green gem, figureing the immortality of loyal blood; wave is the surge, figureing the vast force of the martyr's blood. The imagination is magnificent and resolute: not fearing death, but counting death as home; not tragic, but heroic. The poem moves from the lightness of grudging not a thousand gold to the giving of spilling and turning to jade, layer by layer, writing to the utmost the resolve of the Woman of Jianhu, giving her life to the country and never looking back; it is one of the most powerful swan songs of modern poetry.

Study

Word focus

不惜 not begrudge; show disregard for wealth 「不惜千金买宝刀」的「不惜」二字，开篇即见任侠疏财的决绝，是全诗豪气的起点。「不惜」即不吝惜、不心疼，二字否定的是「惜」——常人惜财、惜命、惜名，而秋瑾连「千金」都可以不吝惜，可见其轻财重义、视金如土的侠者胸襟。这二字的妙处，在于以否定式写出肯定之义：不写「重义」，而写「不惜千金」，从「舍得」处写「轻财」，力量更足；且「不惜」与「千金」并置，愈见其舍弃之重、决绝之深。从章法上看，「不惜」二字领起全诗，先立「舍」的姿态，为后文「洒去」的舍身埋下伏笔：连身外之财都可以不惜，何况一腔热血？轻财与舍身，一前一后，正是同一种「不惜」精神由外而内的深化，故论者谓此诗「一气贯注」，始于不惜千金、终于不惜一死。

化碧涛 transform into green waves (allusion to Chang Hong's blood turning into jade) 「洒去犹能化碧涛」的「化碧涛」三字，是全诗炼意最奇处，也是「旧典新声」的典范。「化碧」用苌弘化碧之典：周代忠臣苌弘无罪被杀，藏其血三年而化为碧玉（《庄子·外物》），后世以「碧血」称忠烈之士之血。秋瑾不直接用「碧血」，而创「碧涛」：以「涛」代「血」的静态为动态，烈士之血不再是凝固的一滩，而是翻涌的波涛——这波涛既是个人热血的奔涌，更是时代浪潮的象征：一滴血化入时代的洪流，终将掀起惊天巨浪。这一翻新有三层妙处：一是化静为动，碧血有了生命力；二是以小见大，个人之死化为时代之力；三是以「犹能」表肯定，死不足惜而精神长存。「化碧涛」三字，把「视死如归」写成「视死如生」，壮烈而不悲凉，正是秋瑾革命浪漫主义的巅峰表达。

对酒