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清 Qing · 词 Ci lyric

金缕曲·赠梁汾

Gold-Thread Song · To Liang Fen

纳兰性德

Nalan Xingde

交游friendship 壮志lofty ambition

金缕曲·赠梁汾德也狂生耳。
偶然间、缁尘京国，乌衣门第。
有酒惟浇赵州土，谁会成生此意。
不信道、遂成知己。
青眼高歌俱未老，向尊前、拭尽英雄泪。
君不见，月如水。
共君此夜须沉醉。
且由他、蛾眉谣诼，古今同忌。
身世悠悠何足问，冷笑置之而已。
寻思起、从头翻悔。
一日心期千劫在，后身缘、恐结他生里。
然诺重，君须记。

I, De, am but a mad-born scholar.
By chance I drift through the dusty capital, born to a black-robe gate.
With wine I only water the soil of Zhaozhou; who can read Cheng's own heart?
I never thought we two would become true friends.
With green-eyed high song, not yet old, before the cup we wipe away the tears of heroes.
See you not—the moon is like water.
This night with you I must drink to the deep.
Let them be—slandered brows, the same since ancient times.
A drifting life, what is there to ask? A cold laugh, and cast it aside.
Thinking back, I would turn and repent from the start.
One day's heart-vow outlasts a thousand kalpas;
The bond of after-lives, I fear, will tie in another world.
This promise is weighty—you must keep it.

Listen

Meaning

I, De, am but a wild scholar. By chance I mingle in the dust of the capital, yet was born to a noble, black-robe household. With wine I would only pour upon the earth of Zhaozhou; who can understand the heart of Cheng Rongruo? I never expected we would become bosom friends. In our youth, with green-eyed high song, before the cup we wipe away the tears of heroes. Do you not see—the moon is like water. This night with you I must drink myself drunk. Let them be—slandered beauties have been envied since ancient times. A drifting life, what is there to ask? A cold laugh and set it aside. Thinking on it, I would repent from the very start. One day's heart's pledge outlasts a thousand kalpas; the bond of later lives, I fear, will be tied in another world. The weight of this promise—you must remember.

我德行不过是个狂放书生罢了。偶然间混迹京城尘土，却生在乌衣富贵门第。有酒只愿浇在赵州土上，谁人能领会我成容若这番心意。不料竟与你结为知己。你我正当年少青眼高歌，且在酒樽前拭尽英雄泪。你不见，月色如水。今夜须与你一醉方休。且由他去，美人遭谗毁，古往今来同被猜忌。身世悠悠何须过问，冷笑置之便了。想起来，倒从头翻悔。一日心契便千劫长在，来生缘分恐怕还要结在他世。重诺之言，你须记取。

Appreciation

The whole lyric states the breast directly with the fu brush, no comparison yet its momentum rises and falls. The first part opens with 'I, De, am but a mad scholar', declaring himself a madman and mocking his own birth—in the contrast shows true nature; 'green-eyed high song' and 'wipe away heroic tears' write the feeling of meeting a soul-mate. The lower part uses 'slandered beauties' as allusion to comfort, and 'one day's heart-vow outlasts a thousand kalpas' swears a next-life bond, feeling to the deepest. The language seems loose and free yet holds much desolation, sweeping away the soft manner, standing apart from the Yangxian and Zhexi schools.

【白话串讲】 “有酒惟浇赵州土”——纳兰性德给朋友顾贞观写信：我虽是贵族公子，却只有你懂我。“青眼高歌俱未老，向尊前、拭尽英雄泪”——两个知己，在酒前擦干了英雄泪。【意象与手法】全词以赋笔直抒胸臆，不假比兴而气势跌宕。上片"德也狂生耳"劈空而起，自称狂生、自嘲门第，反差中见真性情【情感与主旨】纳兰性德（1655—1685），字容若，大学士明珠之子，生于权门却厌弃羁绁【名句点睛】中高考常考：①分析"德也狂生耳""乌衣门第"的对比作用；②理解"一日心期千劫在，后身缘、恐结他生里"的情感内涵

Background

Nalan Xingde (1655-1685), courtesy Rongruo, son of the Grand Secretary Mingzhu, was born to power yet loathed its fetters. Gu Zhenguan (style Liang Fen), a commoner, befriended him; Nalan honoured his talent and character. This lyric was written around the fifteenth year of Kangxi (1676), when Liang Fen was envied for trying to rescue his friend Wu Zhaoqian; Nalan sent this lyric, both voicing his own melancholy within the golden cage and comforting a friend with a bond of life and death. It is a famous Qing lyric of gift and reply, and shows his friendship view of breaking birth prejudice, prizing talent over wealth.

《金缕曲·赠梁汾》是纳兰性德与顾贞观定交之作，为清词中最负盛名的友情词之一。顾贞观（1637—1714），字华峰，号梁汾，江苏无锡人，清初词人，与纳兰性德交谊至深。康熙十五年（1676），纳兰二十二岁，顾贞观年长其十八岁，二人于京城相识，一见如故。纳兰此词即写于相识之初，以词代书，剖白心迹。其时纳兰身为大学士明珠之子、康熙近侍，虽贵为「乌衣门第」，却深以身为贵胄而不得自由为憾，反于落拓不羁的顾贞观身上觅得精神知己，故词中「不信道、遂成知己」的狂喜，实源于一种身份错位下的知遇之深。此前一年，顾贞观曾因吴兆骞「丁酉科场案」之累而四处奔走营救，纳兰读其《金缕曲》二首而为之动容，遂与之订交，此后更倾力助吴兆骞生还。此词即在这一交游背景中产生，其上片叙相知，下片抒肝胆，通篇以「知己」二字贯之，是纳兰以词写友情的巅峰之作，历来与顾贞观《金缕曲·酬容若见赠次原韵》并传，成为词坛酬赠的一段佳话。纳兰以二十二岁之龄，向年长十八岁的顾贞观倾吐如此深挚的知己之情，其忘年之交、肝胆相照，正为清初词人交游留下了一则最动人的注脚，也为此后二人共纂《今词初集》、共营救吴兆骞等事埋下了伏笔。可以说，此词既是二人情谊的起点，也是清初词坛一段「词人相重」佳话的序章。

Art

The whole lyric states the breast directly with the fu brush, no comparison yet its momentum rises and falls. The first part opens with 'I, De, am but a mad scholar', declaring himself a madman and mocking his own gate, the contrast showing true nature; 'green-eyed high song' and 'wipe away heroic tears' write the sigh of meeting a soul-mate. The lower part uses 'slandered beauties' as allusion to comfort, 'one day's heart-vow outlasts a thousand kalpas' swears a next-life bond, feeling to the deepest. The language seems loose yet holds much desolation, sweeping away the soft manner, standing as its own school beyond Yangxian and Zhexi.

此词的艺术，在赋笔直抒而不假比兴。上片起句「德也狂生耳」劈空而来，自称狂生，先立一「狂」字为全篇骨力，继以「偶然间、缁尘京国，乌衣门第」自剖身世——以「偶然」二字轻置门第之贵，见出其对贵族身份的不屑与疏离，反差中见真性情。「有酒惟浇赵州土，谁会成生此意」借李贺诗典写知音难觅，随即「不信道、遂成知己」七字陡然翻转，惊喜之情跃然纸上。下片转入对顾贞观的慰藉与盟誓，「且由他、蛾眉谣诼，古今同忌」以屈子遭谗事宽解友人，「一日心期千劫在，后身缘、恐结他生里」更以佛家语许下超越生死的知己之约，情感由激昂而沉挚，层层推进。全词章法上片写「遇」，下片写「誓」，一气贯注而跌宕有致。炼字上，「浇」「拭」「忌」「记」等字皆下得沉着有力。意象经营不多，而「月如水」一句以景结情，于豪放中留一缕清冷，见出纳兰虽作豪语，其底色仍是清婉，正是其词「哀感顽艳」而兼豪宕的独特风貌。全词上片以「狂」立骨、下片以「誓」结体，其间「月如水」一景，冷然一现，遂使豪情不堕粗率、深情不失节制，此种「放中有收」的章法，正是纳兰驾驭长调的过人处。全词自「狂生」之剖白，至「知己」之惊喜，再至「他生」之盟誓，情感层层推进而脉络分明，其间「月如水」一景的穿插，更见其于激越中不忘留白的调度，遂使这首长调虽满腹慷慨，却不失摇曳之姿。

Allusions

'Soil of Zhaozhou' uses Li He's Song of the Vast: 'I buy silk to embroider Lord Pingyuan; with wine I only water the soil of Zhaozhou', meaning longing for Lord Pingyuan's esteem of scholars; Nalan borrows it to write his own regret at not meeting a true friend. 'Slandered beauties' comes from Li Sao: 'The many women envied my moth-brows; with slander they said I was lascivious'—a metaphor for the slander of petty men; 'green-eyed' comes from the story of Ruan Ji, meaning to look with the straight eye upon a valued friend. The allusions are familiar, dissolved into true feeling without stalling, exactly his 'speaking feeling with a natural tongue' native gift.

此词用典密集而皆切情事。「缁尘京国」化用南朝谢朓「谁能久京洛，缁尘染素衣」及陆机「京洛多风尘，素衣化为缁」之意，写自己混迹京城、为尘土所染，暗寓对仕途繁华的厌倦。「乌衣门第」用东晋王谢居乌衣巷之典，指自己出身贵胄，而词人偏以「偶然间」三字轻掷，正见其不以门第为荣。「有酒惟浇赵州土」直接化用李贺《浩歌》「买丝绣作平原君，有酒唯浇赵州土」，以战国平原君赵胜好客养士喻对贤士的渴慕，纳兰借此自明心迹——自己虽有门第，所愿却是做平原君那样礼贤下士之人。「青眼高歌」用《晋书·阮籍传》阮籍能为青白眼之典，青眼以示相契。「蛾眉谣诼」出屈原《离骚》「众女嫉余之蛾眉兮，谣诼谓余以善淫」，以美人遭谗喻顾贞观之被谤。「一日心期千劫在」之「劫」为佛家语，极言时间之长远；「后身缘」用佛教轮回转世之说，谓今世知己之缘未了，来生犹将再续。诸典或出诗骚，或出史传，或出佛典，皆随手拈来而化入己意，正是纳兰「用典无痕」的功夫。诸典之中，李贺「赵州土」的落拓、阮籍「青眼」的孤傲、屈原「蛾眉谣诼」的幽愤，皆与纳兰此刻的心境若合符契，故虽句句有出处，读来却如自肺腑流出，此即「以古人之酒杯，浇自己之块垒」的化境。尤其「蛾眉谣诼」一典，以屈原遭谗事宽解友人，既切顾贞观当时为吴兆骞事所累的处境，又暗含二人「同为天涯沦落人」的相怜，用典之切，至此已非「用」典，而是「遇」典。

Commentary

Gu Zhenguan read it and wept, saying 'in these three thousand six hundred days, was there ever one whose heart was like yours'. Kuang Zhouyi praised it as the work of 'the first lyricist of the early reign'. Wang Guowei said Nalan 'observes things with a natural eye, speaks feeling with a natural tongue'; this piece writes friendship in words of blood, breaking the walls of Yangxian and Zhexi, worthy to be a footnote to his 'sincere' lyric theory. It is key to Qing lyric's breaking free of softness and returning to spirit.

这首词在清代词坛的评价极高，被视为纳兰豪宕一面的代表作，也是词史上友情词的名篇。顾贞观当时即有《金缕曲·酬容若见赠次原韵》相和，词中「托孤心于天地」诸语，可见二人情谊之真，酬和之作与赠词并传，成为词史佳话。况周颐《蕙风词话》论纳兰词，谓「其所为词，纯任性灵，纤尘不染」，此词正可见其「性灵」本色——不假雕饰，直吐胸臆。王国维《人间词话》称纳兰「以自然之眼观物，以自然之舌言情」，此词「不信道、遂成知己」「一日心期千劫在」等语，正是以极自然之语写极深挚之情，毫无扭捏。后世词选如《近三百年名家词选》《清词菁华》等多录此词，且以之为纳兰交游词的典范。论者多赏其上片「德也狂生耳」的破空之势与下片「后身缘、恐结他生里」的生死之誓，以为一放一收之间，尽显纳兰兼豪放与深情于一身的词心。此词的影响，还在于它开启了清词中以词写士人知己交游的风气，顾贞观、纳兰之后，酬赠知己之作蔚为大观，而其源头，正可溯至这一首《金缕曲》。今人读此词，犹能于「德也狂生耳」的破空与「君须记」的叮咛之间，想见三百年前两个词人把酒论文、肝胆相照的当日情景，此即「词以人传、人以词传」的生动例证。纵观清词，能以一首酬赠之作，同时写出士人之狂、知己之真、友道之重的，纳兰此词几可称为独步，其在友情词史上的地位，遂非寻常酬唱可比。

Prosody

Form Lyric, 'Gold-Thread Song' (i.e. 'Congratulating the Bridegroom'), double-tune 116 characters词（《金缕曲》，即《贺新郎》，双调一百十六字，上下片各十句六仄韵）

Rhyme Upper and lower parts same oblique-rhyme group (scholar, gate, heart, friends, tears, water / drunk, envy, aside, repent, world, remember)全词押仄声韵，韵字「耳」「第」「意」「己」「泪」「水」与下片「醉」「忌」「已」「悔」「里」「记」递相叶，属词林正韵第三部仄韵

Tone pattern By fixed tune; long and short lines irregular《贺新郎》仄韵长调，句法参差，多三、四字短句与七字长句相间，节奏由紧而舒、复归于紧，拗怒顿挫，宜抒慷慨沉郁之情

Reading note Entering-tone and oblique rhymes densely stacked, matching the surging feeling.《金缕曲》即《贺新郎》之别名，为仄韵长调，双调一百十六字，上、下片各十句六仄韵，其声情以苍凉激越、拗怒盘郁见长，最宜抒写慷慨悲凉之怀。纳兰此词通押仄韵，韵字皆属词林正韵第三部（上去声「耳」「第」「意」「己」「泪」「水」「醉」「忌」「已」「悔」「里」「记」），仄声的短促收束，恰与全词跌宕不平的情感相表里。句式上，「德也狂生耳」以二二一之顿起，短促如断；「偶然间、缁尘京国，乌衣门第」以三字领句继以两个四字句，节奏由散而整；「有酒惟浇赵州土，谁会成生此意」为七字与六字相间，一气流转。下片「且由他、蛾眉谣诼」之三字领，与「寻思起、从头翻悔」之三字顿，皆以短句蓄势，再接长句倾泻，声情由沉郁而激烈。末三句「然诺重，君须记」以三字对三字作结，戛然而止而余韵不绝。此种以仄韵长调、参差句法写知己之情的声律安排，使全词读来既见豪宕之气，又含深婉之致，正是纳兰「以稼轩之体写清真之情」的声学呈现。

Line by line

德也狂生耳

I, De, am nothing but a wild fellow.

我德行不过是个狂放书生罢了

As for me, De, I am but a wild, unruly scholar.

此句以「德也狂生耳」五字劈空而起，是全词最有力的起笔。「德」是纳兰自指（原名成德），以己名领起，直如当面对话；「狂生」二字是自我画像，既含自嘲，又含自负——狂，是不拘礼法、不慕荣利的精神姿态。一个「耳」字收束，语气轻淡而决绝，仿佛对自己的身份作了一句漫不经心的界定。此句的高妙，在于纳兰以贵胄之身而自称狂生，身份与自许之间的巨大反差，一下子撕裂了「明珠之子」「皇帝近侍」等社会标签，暴露出其精神上的落拓与叛逆，为全词定下「以真性情示人」的基调。

The line rises on the five characters I, De, am nothing but a wild fellow, the most forceful opening of the ci. De is Nalan's own reference (his original name was Chengde), leading with his own name, as if speaking face to face; wild fellow is the self-portrait, at once self-mockery and self-esteem — wild means the posture of one free from the bonds of ritual and unmoved by rank and gain. The final particle ear closes it, the tone light yet resolute, as if he had made a casual definition of his identity. The excellence of the line lies in this: Nalan, born of the highest nobility, yet calls himself a wild fellow; the great contrast between his station and his self-estimate tears at once the social labels of Mingzhu's son and the emperor's attendant, exposing his spiritual homelessness and rebellion, and fixes the tone of the ci — showing himself as he truly is.

有酒惟浇赵州土，谁会成生此意

When I have wine, I pour it only on the soil of Zhaozhou; who understands, I, Cheng, the meaning of this heart?

有酒只愿浇在赵州土上，谁人能领会我成容若这番心意

When I have wine, I would pour it only on the earth of Zhaozhou; who can understand this heart of mine, mine of Cheng?

此句化用李贺《浩歌》「买丝绣作平原君，有酒唯浇赵州土」，是上片情感的关键。「赵州土」指战国平原君赵胜之墓土，平原君以好客养士著称，纳兰借此自明心志——自己虽生乌衣门第，所向往的却是平原君那般礼贤下士、结交豪杰的境界，故愿以酒浇其墓土，表仰慕之意。「谁会成生此意」一句则陡然转出孤独：这满腔心事，又有谁能领会？「成生」二字以自称入词，语气愈发亲昵而沉痛。此二句一扬一抑，先写己志之高，再写知音之稀，正为下文「不信道、遂成知己」的狂喜蓄足了势。

The line transforms Li He's ballad, weave silk to embroider Lord Pingyuan, pour wine only on the soil of Zhaozhou, the key to the first stanza's feeling. The soil of Zhaozhou means the tomb earth of Lord Pingyuan of Zhao, Zhao Sheng, famed for welcoming the worthies; Nalan borrows it to declare his heart — though born in the noble mansions of the old capital, what he admires is the Lord Pingyuan's way of honoring talent and gathering heroes, hence he would pour wine on his tomb earth, showing his reverence. Who understands, I, Cheng, the meaning of this heart turns abruptly to loneliness: this whole heart's matter, who can understand it? The words I, Cheng bring the self-reference into the verse, the tone the more intimate and sorrowful. The two lines, one lifted, one pressed: first writing the height of his own resolve, then the rarity of the kindred spirit, storing full force for the joy of not believing it, until we became friends that follows.

青眼高歌俱未老，向尊前、拭尽英雄泪

With green-eyed high song, not yet old, before the cup we wipe away the tears of heroes.

你我正当年少青眼高歌，且在酒樽前拭尽英雄泪

With kindly eyes and loud songs, we are both not yet old; before the wine cup, we wipe away the last of a hero's tears.

此句写二人相知后的狂态。「青眼」用阮籍青白眼之典，写彼此相视而悦；「高歌」写意气之盛；「俱未老」三字既是实写年华尚壮，又含「来日方长」的振奋。然而一个「泪」字又陡然转出悲凉——「英雄泪」三字，点明二人虽豪情慷慨，心底却各怀沉痛，非寻常酒肉之交可比。「向尊前、拭尽英雄泪」，是把压抑已久的悲慨在知己面前尽情释放，故泪不是懦弱之泪，而是英雄相惜、百感交集的泪。此句豪放中见沉郁，正是纳兰友情词最能动人处——它写的是两个失意灵魂在浊世中的相互取暖。

The line writes the wildness of the two after they knew each other. Kindly eyes uses the allusion to Ruan Ji's green and white eyes, writing the pleasure of mutual recognition; loud songs the height of spirit; both not yet old writes at once that the years are still in their prime, and the elation of the long days ahead. Yet the single word tear turns abruptly to sorrow: hero's tears point out that, for all their boldness, the two each carry a grief at heart, no ordinary feasting comrades. Before the wine cup, we wipe away the last of a hero's tears is the pouring out, before a kindred spirit, of the long-suppressed grief; the tears are therefore not the tears of weakness, but the tears of heroes cherishing each other, a hundred feelings together. The line, bold within which somberness shows, is what moves most in Nalan's friendship ci: it writes two thwarted souls warming each other in the turbid world.

一日心期千劫在，后身缘、恐结他生里

One day's heart-vow outlasts a thousand kalpas; the bond of after-lives, I fear, will tie in another world.

一日心契便千劫长在，来生缘分恐怕还要结在他世

One day's heart pledged, and a thousand kalpas cannot end it; the bond of our next lives, I fear, must be tied in another existence.

这是全词情感的顶点，也是友情誓言的极致。前句「一日心期千劫在」，谓今日一旦心相契合，即便历经千劫（佛家语，极言时间之久远与磨难之深重）也永不磨灭，以「一日」对「千劫」，时间的极度不对称，正写出情谊之坚不可摧。后句「后身缘、恐结他生里」，更进一层，谓今生的知己之缘犹恐未尽，来生还要再续——一个「恐」字，写出对这份情谊珍惜到了生怕失却的地步，故寄望于轮回中重逢。纳兰以佛家轮回之说写人间知己之情，把友情提升到超越生死的永恒之境，遂使这组词成为词史上写友情最沉挚的篇章之一。

This is the emotional peak of the ci, the extreme of the vow of friendship. The upper line, one day's heart pledged, and a thousand kalpas cannot end it, says: once hearts are attuned today, then even through a thousand kalpas (a Buddhist word, saying the length of time and the weight of trials to the utmost) they are never worn away; one day set against a thousand kalpas, the extreme asymmetry of time, writing the unbreakable bond. The lower line, the bond of our next lives, I fear, must be tied in another existence, goes one step further: fearing that the kindred bond of this life is not yet complete, it must be renewed in the life to come; the word fearing writes the treasuring of this friendship to the point of dreading its loss, and hence the hope of meeting again in the wheel of rebirth. Nalan uses the Buddhist doctrine of rebirth to write the friendship of kindred spirits, raising it to the eternal realm beyond life and death, making this cycle of ci among the most deeply felt writings on friendship in the history of the form.

Study

Word focus

狂生 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「狂生」二字是全词的精神总纲，也是纳兰自我形象的浓缩。狂，在此不是轻狂，而是对世俗名利的傲视、对门第羁绊的反叛，是一种以放达为外壳、以孤高为内核的精神姿态。纳兰出身相门、身居禁近，本应是循规蹈矩的贵公子，却偏以「狂生」自许，这一身份的自我否定，恰恰暴露了他与自身处境之间的深刻裂痕。此词中「狂生」之狂，又与「有酒惟浇赵州土」的慕贤、「青眼高歌」的任情一脉相通，勾勒出一个耻于门第、渴求知音的落拓公子形象。以「狂生」自称，实为纳兰向顾贞观敞开心扉的第一句话，其坦诚与决绝，奠定了全词以真性情交游的基调。

浇 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「浇」字出于「有酒惟浇赵州土」，是全句的诗眼。李贺原诗作「有酒唯浇赵州土」，纳兰袭用而一字不改，正因这一个「浇」字无可替代。浇，不是敬、不是奠，而是把酒倾洒于地，动作豪迈而随意，恰合狂生以酒浇愁、以酒祭贤的放达情态。若易作「洒」，则少其泼辣；易作「奠」，则失其疏狂。「浇」字还暗含以酒沃土、如浇胸中块垒之意——纳兰所浇者，非止赵州之土，实是自己郁郁不得的孤怀。一词而兼写动作、情态、心绪，正是纳兰炼字以「一字传神」的功夫，也是他直承李贺而能得其神髓处。

然诺 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「然诺」出于结句「然诺重，君须记」，是全词的收束之眼。然诺，即承诺、许下的诺言，出《史记·游侠列传》「得黄金百斤，不如得季布一诺」的重然诺传统。纳兰于词末郑重道出「然诺重」三字，把他对顾贞观的满腔深情，凝为一个重如千钧的承诺，并以「君须记」三字殷殷叮咛，语气由激昂转为沉挚，如金石掷地。此词自「狂生」的自我剖白，到「知己」的惊喜，再到「他生」的盟誓，层层铺垫，最终落到「然诺」二字上，使全词的情感有了一个坚实的落点——友情非一时之兴会，而是以生死相托的承诺。以「然诺」作结，正见纳兰词「情真意重」的品格。