宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric
贺新郎·送胡邦衡待制赴新州
Congratulating the Bridegroom: Seeing Off Hu Bangheng to Xinzhou
梦绕神州路。
怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍。
底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注。
聚万落千村狐兔。
天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。
更南浦，送君去。
凉生岸柳催残暑。
耿斜河，疏星淡月，断云微度。
万里江山知何处。
回首对床夜语。
雁不到、书成谁与。
目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。
举大白，听金缕。
Sorrowing at the autumn wind, the painted horns of linked camps, the palace overgrown with millet.
Why did Kunlun's pillar collapse, the nine-earth yellow flood pour in chaos?
Foxes and hares gather in ten thousand hamlets and thousand villages.
Heaven's will is ever too high to ask; how much more, as men age, easy to grieve and hard to tell.
And at the south shore, I see you off on your way.
Coolness rises from the shore willows, hurrying the lingering heat.
Bright the slanting river; sparse stars, pale moon; broken clouds drift faintly.
The ten-thousand-li rivers and hills — who knows where you are?
Looking back at nights we talked by the bed.
The wild goose cannot reach; the letter written, to whom send it?
I gaze out the blue sky, musing on past and present; how could I, like children, trade in petty grudges?
Raise the great white cup; listen to the Golden Thread.
Meaning
Written to see off his friend Hu Quan into exile for opposing the peace faction, the lyric vents the pain of the lost homeland and the anger at traitors, honoring his friend's integrity with solemn, heroic feeling.
梦境萦绕着神州故土之路。怅望秋风中连营画角，故宫已是禾黍离离。为何昆仑天柱崩倾、九地黄流乱注？聚起万千村落的狐兔（荒凉无人迹）。天意从来高不可问，何况人情老去易生悲而难诉。更在南浦，送君远去。凉意从岸柳生出，催退残暑。耿耿斜河，疏星淡月，断云微微飘度。万里江山知君今在何处？回首昔日对床夜语。雁飞不到（新州），写就书信又寄与谁？望尽青天而怀想古今，岂肯效儿女般恩怨相尔汝。举起大白之杯，听一曲《金缕》。
Appreciation
The lyric was written to see off Hu Quan (courtesy Bangheng), exiled to Xinzhou for opposing the peace talks. The upper stanza opens with 'dreams wind around the divine land,' writing the pain of the Central Plains lost and the palace overgrown with millet, using 'Kunlun's pillar collapse' and 'nine-earth flood' to compare the national calamity, then the grieving 'Heaven's will too high to ask,' landing on 'see you off.' The lower stanza writes the parting scene: cool willows, lingering heat, slanting river, pale moon, imagining the friend's far exile where letters cannot reach, ending with the heroic 'raise the great white cup, listen to the Golden Thread,' turning grief into grandeur amid solemn tragedy. The images 'linked camps' and 'palace millet' write enemy force and loss; 'Kunlun's pillar' uses myth to compare the state's collapse; 'wild goose cannot reach' uses an allusion for the exile's distance; the close turns grief into heroism with a bold drink and song.
【白话串讲】 张元幹送胡铨（因弹劾秦桧被贬）：“梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍”。“天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉”——“更南浦，送君去”——他送别被贬的忠臣，悲愤难抑。南宋最壮烈的送别词。 【意象与手法】 “连营画角”写敌势，“故宫离黍”写亡痛；“昆仑倾砥柱”神话比喻国崩；“雁不到”用典写贬所之远；末以豪饮听曲翻悲为壮。 【情感与主旨】 借送别抒家国之痛与对投降派的愤慨，表彰友人不畏权奸的气节，沉郁悲壮，是南宋初期爱国词的代表。 【名句点睛】 “天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉”“举大白，听金缕”——以杜甫诗句入词，悲愤与豪情交织，沉郁苍凉。
Background
Written in the 12th year of Shaoxing (1142) of the Southern Song. Hu Quan (courtesy Bangheng) submitted a memorial asking to behead the pro-peace ministers such as Qin Hui, and was exiled to Xinzhou. Zhang Yuangan, regardless of danger, wrote this lyric to see him off, and thereby offended the powers.
《贺新郎·送胡邦衡待制赴新州》为宋代张元幹所作，是写送别友人、家国之恨的词。张元幹（1091—约1161），字仲宗，号芦川居士，永福人，宋代词人。此词：梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍。底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注。聚万落千村狐兔。天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。更南浦，送君去。凉生岸柳催残暑。耿斜河，疏星淡月，断云微度。万里江山知何处。回首对床夜语。雁不到、书成谁与。目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。举大白，听金缕。全词写送别友人、家国之恨，是张元幹词的名篇。
Art
The Congratulating the Bridegroom is a double-tune lyric. The upper stanza writes the situation and the farewell; the lower writes the parting feeling and heroic cheer. It weaves in Du Fu's lines and stacks allusions (south shore, Golden Thread), solemn and arrested.
《贺新郎·送胡邦衡待制赴新州》艺术上以家国之恨的描摹与送别之情的悲壮见长。全词分两片：上片写家国之恨——“梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍”用离黍之典写梦绕神州、故宫离黍，“底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注”写昆仑倾砥柱、九地黄流乱注，“天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。更南浦，送君去”写天意难问、更南浦送君；下片写送别之情——“凉生岸柳催残暑。耿斜河，疏星淡月，断云微度”写凉生岸柳、疏星淡月，“万里江山知何处。回首对床夜语”写万里江山、对床夜语，“雁不到、书成谁与。目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。举大白，听金缕”写目尽青天、举大白听金缕。全词以家国之恨写送别之情，正是张元幹词悲壮的笔法。
Allusions
The divine land (shenzhou) means the Central Plains; 'palace millet' uses the Shi Jing 'Millet' ode of lost-state grief; Kunlun's pillar compares the state's pillar; the south shore (nanpu) means a farewell place; Golden Thread is 'Golden Thread Song' (another name for Congratulating the Bridegroom); 'like children in petty grudges' uses a Han Yu line.
《贺新郎·送胡邦衡待制赴新州》用典在“故宫离黍”“昆仑倾砥柱”“天意高难问”“南浦”“对床夜语”“金缕”。“故宫离黍”用黍离之典（故国之思）；“昆仑倾砥柱”用昆仑砥柱之典（中流砥柱倾）；“天意高难问”用杜甫“天意高难问”之典；“南浦”用南浦送别之典（《楚辞》）；“对床夜语”用韦应物对床夜语之典（兄弟之情）；“金缕”用《金缕曲》之典（曲名）。全词以这些典故写送别友人、家国之恨，用典繁富而悲壮自见，正是张元幹词的笔法。
Commentary
A Qing critic called this lyric 'stirring and desolate enough to make the coward stand firm,' ranking it with Yue Fei's 'Man Jiang Hong' as twin gems of early Southern Song patriotic ci. Zhang Yuangan incurred Qin Hui's displeasure because of this lyric.
《贺新郎·送胡邦衡待制赴新州》是张元幹词的名篇，也是南宋词中写家国之恨的代表作。此词写送别友人、家国之恨，向为论者称道。论者多赏其家国之恨的描摹与送别之情的悲壮——“梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍”用离黍之典写梦绕神州、故宫离黍，悲壮之极；“底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注”写昆仑倾砥柱、九地黄流乱注，更见其痛；“天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉”用天意难问之典写天意难问、悲难诉，尤见其悲；“雁不到、书成谁与。目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。举大白，听金缕”写目尽青天、举大白听金缕，尤见其壮。此词送胡铨贬新州，为其申张正义之作，正是其代表——以家国之恨写送别之情，正是其词风。
Prosody
Line by line
梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍。
My dreams wind around the road to the divine land. Sorrowing at the autumn wind, the painted horns of linked camps, the palace overgrown with millet.
梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍。
In dreams the spirit winds the road to the Central Plain; grieving the autumn wind, the painted bugles of joined camps, the old palace grown with millet.
首用离黍之典写梦绕神州、故宫离黍，是全词写家国之恨的起点。“梦绕神州路”写梦绕神州路——“梦绕神州路”写梦魂萦绕中原故土——梦绕神州路；“怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍”用离黍之典写怅秋风、故宫离黍——“怅秋风、连营画角”写怅对秋风、连营画角，“故宫离黍”用黍离之典写故宫禾黍——秋风画角，故宫离黍。四句写梦绕神州、故宫离黍：梦绕神州路。怅秋风、连营画角，故宫离黍。以“梦绕神州路”写梦魂萦绕、神州故土，以“怅秋风、连营画角”写怅对秋风、连营画角之悲，以“故宫离黍”用黍离之典写故宫禾黍、故国之思，正是张元幹词写家国之恨的起点——梦绕神州，故宫离黍。
The opening uses the millet-grown palace allusion for the dream-wound spirit and the ruined palace, the starting point of the ci's grief for the state. In dreams the spirit winds the road to the Central Plain writes the soul circling the old northern land; grieving the autumn wind, the painted bugles of joined camps, the old palace grown with millet writes the grief at the autumn wind and the joined camps, and uses the millet-grown palace allusion for the old palace's millet — the autumn wind and bugles, the ruined palace. The line writes the spirit winding the Central Plain and the palace grown with millet: the dream-circling of the old land, the grief at the autumn wind and bugles, the millet allusion's longing for the lost state, the starting point of Zhang Yuangan's grief for the country.
底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注。
Why did the Kunlun pillar topple, the yellow flood pour over the nine lands?
底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注。
Why did the Kunlun pillar topple, the yellow flood pour over the nine lands?
此二句用昆仑砥柱之典写昆仑倾砥柱、九地黄流乱注，是全词写国难之痛的深化。“底事昆仑倾砥柱”用昆仑砥柱之典写底事昆仑倾砥柱——“底事昆仑倾砥柱”用昆仑山砥柱之典写为何昆仑倾覆、砥柱崩塌——底事昆仑倾砥柱；“九地黄流乱注”写九地黄流乱注——“九地黄流乱注”写九州大地黄流（洪水）乱注——九地黄流乱注。二句写昆仑倾砥柱、九地黄流乱注：底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注。以“底事昆仑倾砥柱”用昆仑砥柱之典写中流砥柱倾覆、国势危殆，以“九地黄流乱注”写九州黄流乱注、生灵涂炭，正是张元幹词写国难之痛的深化——砥柱倾覆，黄流乱注。
The two lines use the Kunlun pillar allusion for the fallen pillar and the flood, the deepening of the ci's national grief. Why did the Kunlun pillar topple writes the middle-stream pillar fallen, the state's peril; the yellow flood pour over the nine lands writes the flood over the nine provinces, the people in ruin. The couplet deepens the grief: the pillar fallen, the flood poured, the land in catastrophe — the Kunlun and the pillar as the state's support, the yellow flood as the disaster, the deepening of the ci's national pain.
天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。
Heaven's will is ever too high to ask; how much more, as men age, easy to grieve and hard to tell.
天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。
Heaven's will has ever been high and hard to question; human feeling ages easily into grief too hard to speak.
此二句用天意难问之典写天意从来高难问、况人情老易悲难诉，是全词写悲愤之情的深化。“天意从来高难问”用杜甫天意难问之典写天意从来高难问——“天意从来高难问”用杜甫“天意高难问”之典写天意从来高远难问——天意从来高难问；“况人情老易悲难诉”写况人情老易悲难诉——“况人情老易悲难诉”写何况人情易老、悲苦难诉——况人情老易悲难诉。二句写天意从来高难问、况人情老易悲难诉：天意从来高难问，况人情老易悲难诉。以“天意从来高难问”用天意难问之典写天意高远、难以追问，以“况人情老易悲难诉”写人情易老、悲苦难诉，正是张元幹词写悲愤之情的深化——天意难问，悲苦难诉。
The two lines use the heaven-hard-to-question allusion for the unaskable will and the grief beyond speech, the deepening of the ci's grief and anger. Heaven's will has ever been high and hard to question draws on Du Fu's allusion for the will's height and unanswerability; human feeling ages easily into grief too hard to speak writes the feeling's aging and the grief's unspeakable weight. The couplet deepens: the will high and unasked, the grief old and unspeakable — the court beyond reach, the sorrow beyond words, the deepening of the ci's grief and anger.
目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。举大白，听金缕。
My eyes take the blue sky, my heart holds past and present; how could I bicker like children over grudges? Lift the great cup; listen to the Gold Thread.
目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。举大白，听金缕。
My eyes take the blue sky, my heart holds past and present; how could I bicker like children over grudges? Lift the great cup; listen to the Gold Thread.
末写目尽青天怀今古、举大白听金缕，是全词写送别之壮的归结。“目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝”写目尽青天怀今古、肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝——“目尽青天怀今古”写目尽青天、怀想今古，“肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝”写岂肯像小儿女般恩怨相诉——目尽青天，儿曹恩怨；“举大白，听金缕”用金缕之典写举大白、听金缕——“举大白，听金缕”用《金缕曲》之典写举起大白、且听金缕——举大白，听金缕。三句写目尽青天怀今古、举大白听金缕：目尽青天怀今古，肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝。举大白，听金缕。以“目尽青天怀今古”写目尽青天、怀想今古之壮，以“肯儿曹恩怨相尔汝”写不肯儿女情长、恩怨相诉，以“举大白，听金缕”用金缕曲之典写举大白杯、且听金缕，正是张元幹词写送别之壮的归结——目尽青天，大白金缕。
The closing writes the far gaze and the great cup, the gathering of the ci's bold farewell. My eyes take the blue sky, my heart holds past and present writes the far gaze and the holding of the ages; how could I bicker like children over grudges? writes the refusal of the children's spite; lift the great cup; listen to the Gold Thread uses the Gold Thread allusion for the cup raised and the song heard. The three phrases gather: the gaze over the blue sky and the holding of the ages, the refusal of the children's grudges, the great cup and the Gold Thread — the bold bearing of the farewell, the gathering of the ci's parting strength.
Study
Word focus
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