相见欢·金陵城上西楼

Meaning

A lyric of the fall of the country and the sorrow, written by Zhu Dunru. On the western tower of Jinling city — the cool, cool autumn — the western tower of the autumn, the climb of the poet. Ten thousand li of the evening sun hangs low, the great river flows — the great river of the evening, the low sun. The central plain is in disorder — the tassels and the sashes, scattered and lost — the disorder of the central plain, the scattered caps. In the quiet night, he looks far to the pass of the fort, the clear autumn — the quiet night and the far look. Testing to beg the sorrowful wind, to blow the tears, past Yangzhou — the close's sorrowful wind blowing the tears past Yangzhou. The lyric is the fall of the country and the sorrow: the western tower of the autumn, the disorder of the central plain, and the close's tears blown past Yangzhou.

金陵城上西楼。倚清秋。万里夕阳垂地、大江流。中原乱。簪缨散。几时收。试倩悲风吹泪、过扬州。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] On the western tower of Jinling city. The autumn of the cool, cool. Ten thousand li of the evening sun hangs low, the great river flows. The central plain is in disorder. The tassels and the sashes, scattered and lost. In the quiet night, I look far to the pass of the fort, the clear autumn. Testing to beg the sorrowful wind, to blow the tears, past Yangzhou. [Structure and Thought] The lyric moves from the climb of the western tower and the great river of the evening, through the disorder of the central plain and the scattered caps, to the close's begging of the sorrowful wind to blow the tears past Yangzhou. [Key Technique] The lyric's art is the close's impossible wind: the sorrowful wind begged to blow the tears past Yangzhou — the sorrow carried beyond the reach of the poet, the close of the fall and the sorrow. [Emotional Tone] Sorrowful, indignant, and far: the lyric is the fall of the country, the disorder of the plain and the close's tears blown past Yangzhou.

【白话串讲】 朱敦儒写《相见欢·金陵城上西楼》：“金陵城上西楼。倚清秋。万里夕阳垂地、大江流”——“中原乱。簪缨散。几时收”——“试倩悲风吹泪、过扬州”——他登金陵城楼——万里夕阳垂地大江流。 【意象与手法】 “金陵城上西楼。倚清秋。万里夕阳垂地、大江流”写登楼秋景；“中原乱。簪缨散。几时收”写中原之乱；结以“试倩悲风吹泪、过扬州”以悲风吹泪写国恨。沉郁苍凉。 【情感与主旨】 朱敦儒写感怀伤时之作，写登金陵城楼见万里夕阳大江的苍茫与中原沦丧、簪缨离散的国恨，以“试倩悲风吹泪过扬州”写悲愤，是宋南渡词中爱国悲慨的代表。 【名句点睛】 常考“万里夕阳垂地、大江流”以夕阳大江写苍茫；“中原乱。簪缨散。几时收”以中原乱写国恨。

Allusions

'Jinling' (Jinling) is the old capital of the south — the city of the tower; 'the central plain' (zhong yuan) is the central plain of the north — the lost land, in disorder; 'the tassels and the sashes' (zan ying) are the caps of the court — the scattered and lost caps of the fall; 'the pass of the fort' (guan sai) is the pass of the fort — the far look to the pass; 'Yangzhou' (Yangzhou) is the city of the southeast — the tears blown past Yangzhou.

词中「金陵城上西楼倚清秋万里夕阳垂地大江流」「中原乱簪缨散几时收」「试倩悲风吹泪过扬州」等语，皆含典故故实。「金陵城上西楼倚清秋万里夕阳垂地大江流」用金陵之典（金陵为六朝故都），写金陵城上西楼倚清秋万里夕阳垂地大江流；「中原乱簪缨散几时收」用簪缨之典（簪缨为官宦之服），写中原乱簪缨散几时收；「试倩悲风吹泪过扬州」用扬州之典（扬州为江南重镇），写试倩悲风吹泪过扬州。词人以金陵、簪缨、扬州等典入词，不着痕迹，而把感怀伤时之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。

Commentary

This lyric is one of the famous patriotic works of Zhu Dunru, quoted for the far sorrow of its close. The disorder of the central plain, and the sorrowful wind blowing the tears past Yangzhou, are among the most admired lines of the patriotic lyric. Critics praise the lyric's sorrow: the fall of the country gathered from the climb, to the close's tears blown beyond the reach.

这首《相见欢·金陵城上西楼》，是朱敦儒写感怀伤时之作，写金陵城上西楼、万里夕阳垂地、中原乱、试倩悲风吹泪过扬州之情，沉郁苍凉。起「金陵城上西楼。倚清秋」——金陵城上西楼（用金陵之典），倚清秋。写金陵城上西楼：金陵城上西楼、倚清秋——城上西楼、倚清秋；「万里夕阳垂地、大江流」——万里夕阳垂地，大江流。写万里夕阳垂地：万里夕阳垂地、大江流——夕阳垂地、大江流；「中原乱。簪缨散。几时收」——中原乱，簪缨散（用簪缨之典），几时收。写中原乱：中原乱、簪缨散、几时收——乱、散、几时收；结「试倩悲风吹泪、过扬州」——试倩悲风吹泪，过扬州（用扬州之典）。写试倩悲风吹泪过扬州：试倩悲风吹泪、过扬州——悲风吹泪、过扬州。这「试倩悲风吹泪、过扬州」，是全词之结：以试倩悲风吹泪过扬州写其伤时。全词沉郁苍凉，以景写情，正是朱敦儒词中的名篇。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。

Prosody

Line by line

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