宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric
长相思·吴山青
Everlasting Longing: The Wu Mountains, Green
吴山青。
越山青。
两岸青山相对迎。
争忍有离情。
君泪盈。
妾泪盈。
罗带同心结未成。
江边潮已平。
The Yue mountains, green.
The green mountains of the two banks, facing each other, welcoming.
How, to bear, having, the parting feeling.
The lord, the tears, filling.
The concubine, the tears, filling.
The silk girdle, with the same heart, the knot, not yet, made.
By the river, the tide, already, level.
Meaning
A lyric of the parting and the tears, written by Lin Bu. The Wu mountains green with the Yue mountains green, the green mountains of the two banks facing each other welcoming — the mountains of the parting. How to bear having the parting feeling, the lord the tears filling with the concubine the tears filling — the tears of the two. The silk girdle with the same heart the knot not yet made, and the close's by the river the tide already level — the knot and the tide of the close. The lyric is the parting and the tears: the green mountains, the tears of the two, and the close's tide level.
吴山青。越山青。两岸青山相对迎。争忍有离情。君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成。江边潮已平。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] The Wu mountains, green. The Yue mountains, green. The green mountains of the two banks, facing each other, welcoming. How, to bear, having, the parting feeling. The lord, the tears, filling. The concubine, the tears, filling. The silk girdle, with the same heart, the knot, not yet, made. By the river, the tide, already, level. [Structure and Thought] The lyric moves from the green mountains of the two banks, through the tears of the two, to the close's silk girdle with the knot not yet made, the tide already level. [Key Technique] The lyric's art is the close of the tide: the knot of the girdle not made, and the close's tide already level — the parting gathered in the knot and the close's tide. [Emotional Tone] Green, tender, and sorrowful: the lyric is the mountains, the tears and the close's tide level.
【白话串讲】 林逋写《长相思·吴山青》：“吴山青。越山青。两岸青山相对迎。争忍有离情”——“君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成。江边潮已平”——他写相思——两岸青山相对迎。 【意象与手法】 “吴山青。越山青。两岸青山相对迎”以青山写离情；“争忍有离情”写不忍离情；“君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成”以同心结未成写缘浅；结以“江边潮已平”以潮平写送别。以景写情、含蓄深婉。 【情感与主旨】 林逋写爱情离别之作，写青山两岸、同心结未成与江边潮平的离情，是林逋词中写爱情的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“两岸青山相对迎。争忍有离情”以青山写离情；“君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成”以同心结未成写缘浅。
Background
Lin Bu (967–1028), the hermit poet of the mume, wrote this 'Everlasting Longing: The Wu Mountains, Green' of the parting and the tears — the sorrow of the farewell. The green mountains of the two banks with the welcoming, the tears of the lord and the concubine, and the close's silk girdle with the knot not yet made, the tide already level — the lyric gathers the sorrow of the parting, the tenderness of the farewell. The lyric is one of the famous works of the poet's lyrics of the parting.
《长相思·吴山青》为北宋诗人、词人林逋所作词。林逋（967—1028），字君复，钱塘（今浙江杭州）人，北宋隐逸诗人，隐居西湖孤山，植梅养鹤，人称「梅妻鹤子」。此词写爱情离别，为长相思之作。词中「吴山青。越山青。两岸青山相对迎」写吴山青，越山青，两岸青山相对迎；「争忍有离情」写争忍有离情；「君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成」写君泪盈，妾泪盈，罗带同心结未成；「江边潮已平」写江边潮已平。林逋此词以爱情离别、江边潮已平写其离别之情，含蓄深婉，是林逋词中的名篇。此篇《长相思·吴山青》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《长相思·吴山青》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。
Art
The lyric's art is the art of the parting. The mountains open: the Wu mountains, green — the green of the Wu mountains; the Yue mountains, green — the green of the Yue mountains; the green mountains of the two banks, facing each other, welcoming — the welcoming of the mountains; how, to bear, having, the parting feeling — the parting feeling. The tears follow: the lord, the tears, filling — the tears of the lord; the concubine, the tears, filling — the tears of the concubine; the silk girdle, with the same heart, the knot, not yet, made — the knot of the girdle not made. And the close gathers the tide: by the river, the tide, already, level — the tide level of the close — the mountains, the tears and the close's tide, gathered in the lyric.
此词艺术上以「含蓄深婉、以景写情」见长。全词共八句，由吴山青而争忍有离情而君泪盈而江边潮已平。起「吴山青。越山青。两岸青山相对迎」写吴山青：吴山青，越山青，两岸青山相对迎；「争忍有离情」写争忍有离情：争忍有离情；「君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成」写君泪盈：君泪盈，妾泪盈，罗带同心结未成；结「江边潮已平」写江边潮已平：江边潮已平。全词以景写情，由吴山青而江边潮已平，含蓄深婉，是林逋词中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。
Allusions
'The Wu mountains' (Wu shan) are the Wu mountains — the mountains of the Wu, the green of the bank; 'the Yue mountains' (Yue shan) are the Yue mountains — the mountains of the Yue, the green of the other bank; 'the silk girdle, with the same heart' (luo dai tong xin) is the silk girdle with the same heart — the girdle of the same heart, the knot of the two; 'the tide' (chao) is the tide — the tide of the river, level of the close.
词中「吴山青越山青两岸青山相对迎」「君泪盈妾泪盈罗带同心结未成」「江边潮已平」等语，皆含典故故实。「吴山青越山青两岸青山相对迎」写吴山青越山青两岸青山相对迎；「君泪盈妾泪盈罗带同心结未成」用同心之典（同心结写同心之结），写君泪盈妾泪盈罗带同心结未成；「江边潮已平」写江边潮已平。词人以前山青、同心结等语入词，不着痕迹，而把爱情离别之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。
Commentary
This lyric is one of the famous works of Lin Bu's lyrics of the parting, quoted for the greenness of its mountains and the tide of its close. The mountains of the two banks, and the tide already level, are among the admired passages of the poet's lyrics. Critics praise the lyric's tenderness: the parting gathered in the tears, to the close's tide.
这首《长相思·吴山青》，是林逋写爱情离别之作，写吴山青、君泪盈、罗带同心结未成、江边潮已平之情，含蓄深婉。起「吴山青。越山青。两岸青山相对迎」——吴山青，越山青，两岸青山相对迎。写吴山青：吴山青、越山青、两岸青山相对迎——吴山青、越山青、青山相对迎；「争忍有离情」——争忍有离情。写争忍有离情：争忍有离情——怎忍有离情；「君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成」——君泪盈（用同心结之典），妾泪盈，罗带同心结未成。写君泪盈：君泪盈、妾泪盈、罗带同心结未成——泪盈、同心结未成；结「江边潮已平」——江边潮已平。写江边潮已平：江边潮已平——潮已平。这「江边潮已平」，是全词之结：以江边潮已平写其离别。全词含蓄深婉，以景写情，正是林逋词中的名篇。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。
Prosody
Line by line
吴山青。
The Wu hills are green.
吴山青。
The hills of Wu are green.
起句「吴山青」写吴山青，起笔即见其景。吴山青青，越山亦青青，两岸青山相对相迎——吴山青写吴山、越山青写越山、两岸青山相对迎写青山相对相迎。三句以山起兴，一写吴山青、一写越山青、一写两岸青山相对迎，写尽吴山青、越山青、两岸青山相对迎之情。青山叠翠，相对相迎，正是写景起兴的妙笔，为全词定下清丽含蓄的基调。
The opening 'the Wu hills are green' writes the green Wu hills, the scenery visible from the first stroke. The Wu hills are green, the Yue hills too are green, the green hills of both banks facing and welcoming each other — 'Wu hills green' the Wu hills, 'Yue hills green' the Yue hills, 'both banks' green hills face and greet. Three phrases raise feeling through hills, one writing the green Wu hills, one the green Yue hills, one the facing green hills of both banks, exhausting their feeling. Green hills piled with color, facing and welcoming, is a fine stroke of raising through scenery, fixing the ci's clear, restrained keynote.
君泪盈。
Your eyes brim with tears.
君泪盈。
Your eyes brim over with tears.
「君泪盈」写君泪盈，是全词写泪盈之感的关键。君泪盈，妾亦泪盈，罗带同心结未成——君泪盈写君、妾泪盈写妾、罗带同心结未成用同心结之典写同心之结未成。三句以泪写情，一写君泪盈、一写妾泪盈、一写罗带同心结未成，写尽君泪盈、妾泪盈、罗带同心结未成之情。同心未结、泪眼盈盈，正是以泪写情的点睛之笔，把离别之痛写得真切可感。
'Your eyes brim with tears' writes the brimming tears, the key to the ci's tearful feeling. Your eyes brim, mine too brim, yet the love-knot of the silk girdle is not yet tied — 'your eyes brim' the beloved, 'mine brim' the speaker, 'the love-knot untied' using the allusion of the concentric knot for the unmade union. Three phrases write feeling through tears, one your brimming eyes, one mine, one the untied love-knot, exhausting the feeling of both eyes brimming and the knot untied. The knot unmade and eyes brimful is the illuminating stroke of writing feeling through tears, making the pain of parting vivid and tangible.
江边潮已平。
By the river, the tide has already risen level.
江边潮已平。
By the riverside, the tide has already filled.
结句「江边潮已平」写江边潮已平，是全词立意的落点。江边潮已平——江边写江边、潮已平写潮水已平。一句写江边潮已平，以江边潮已平写潮平，写尽江边潮已平之情。潮水已平、人去舟远，正是以潮写情的点睛之笔，言有尽而意无穷，是全词最含蓄动人处，把离别后的空寂写到了极致。此句以寥寥数语写尽深意，情韵兼胜，正是全诗点睛之笔。其于字句之间暗藏波澜，于平易之中寄寓曲折，尤当反复涵泳，方能得其三昧。
The closing 'by the riverside, the tide has already filled' writes the level tide, where the ci's meaning lands. By the riverside the tide has filled — 'by the riverside' the bank, 'the tide has filled' the water level. One phrase writes the level tide through the level river tide, exhausting the feeling. The tide full, the man gone, the boat far — the illuminating stroke of writing feeling through the tide, words ended yet meaning not, the ci's most restrained, moving place, pushing the emptiness after parting to its utmost. In a few words it exhausts deep meaning, waves hidden between the characters, worth repeated pondering.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
晏殊《蝶恋花·槛菊愁烟兰泣露》「槛菊愁烟兰泣露。罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去」，写离愁别恨、独上高楼，是宋词写愁的名篇；林逋《长相思·吴山青》则以「君泪盈。妾泪盈。罗带同心结未成」「江边潮已平」写泪盈、同心结未成。两词同写离愁别恨、泪盈凝望：一写罗幕轻寒燕子双飞去、以燕去写愁，一写君泪盈妾泪盈罗带同心结未成、以泪盈写离愁；一为晏殊之温润、一为林逋之清婉，并读正可见词写「离愁泪盈」的两种笔法，皆于离愁之中见泪盈。
八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain 柳永 · 同写登临送别、江边凝望，一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写两岸青山相对迎江边潮已平，皆于江边之中见送别 Related readingCompare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋」，写登临送别、羁旅凝望，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；林逋《长相思·吴山青》则以「两岸青山相对迎。争忍有离情」「江边潮已平」写青山相对迎、潮已平。两词同写登临送别、江边凝望：一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋，一写两岸青山相对迎江边潮已平、以青山潮平写送别；一为柳永之清丽、一为林逋之清婉，并读正可见词写「江边送别」的两种笔法，皆于江边之中见送别。