PoemBridge
Sign in Browse poems
All poems

唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

雨过山村

Passing by the Mountain Village after the Rain

王建

Wang Jian

雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜。
妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。

In the rain, the cocks crow, one or two of the families,
The bamboo brook, the village road, the plank bridge, slanting.
The women and the mothers, calling each other, go to bathe the silkworms,
Idly, looking at the middle court, the gardenia flowers.
Listen

Meaning

A poem of the mountain village and the silkworm season, written by Wang Jian. In the rain, the cocks crow, one or two of the families — the bamboo brook, the village road, the plank bridge, slanting — the rainy village and the slanting bridge. The women and the mothers, calling each other, go to bathe the silkworms — idly, looking at the middle court, the gardenia flowers — the calling of the women and the gardenia of the court. The poem is the mountain village and the silkworm season: the rainy village, the calling women, and the close's gardenia.

雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜。妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] In the rain, the cocks crow, one or two of the families, the bamboo brook, the village road, the plank bridge, slanting. The women and the mothers, calling each other, go to bathe the silkworms, idly, looking at the middle court, the gardenia flowers. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the rainy village and the slanting bridge, through the women calling to bathe the silkworms, to the close's gardenia of the middle court. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the idleness of the close: the busy calling of the women against the idle gardenia of the middle court — the mountain village gathered in the contrast of the busy and the idle. [Emotional Tone] Light, fresh, and idyllic: the poem is the mountain village, the silkworm season and the close's gardenia.

【白话串讲】 王建写《雨过山村》：“雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜”——“妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花”——他写山村——闲看中庭栀子花。 【意象与手法】 “雨里鸡鸣一两家、竹溪村路板桥斜”写雨里鸡鸣；“妇姑相唤浴蚕去”写妇姑浴蚕；结以“闲看中庭栀子花”以栀子花写闲景。清新明快。 【情感与主旨】 王建写雨过山村之作，写雨里鸡鸣、妇姑浴蚕与闲看栀子花的山村景致，是田园诗中的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜”写雨中山村；“妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花”写山村农事。

Background

Wang Jian (c. 767–830), the poet of the Tang, wrote this 'Passing by the Mountain Village after the Rain' of the mountain village and the silkworm season — the village of the rain. The cocks crowing in the rain with the one or two families, the bamboo brook and the slanting plank bridge, the women calling to bathe the silkworms, and the close's gardenia of the middle court — the poem gathers the idyll of the mountain village, the busy season and the idle close. The poem is one of the famous idyllic works of the poet.

《雨过山村》为中唐诗人王建所作诗。王建（约767—约830），字仲初，颍川（今河南许昌）人，中唐诗人，擅长乐府诗与宫词。此诗写田园写景。诗中「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」写雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜；「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。王建此诗以田园写景、闲看中庭栀子花写其田园之情，清新明快，是王建诗中的名篇。此篇《雨过山村》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《雨过山村》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《雨过山村》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the idyll. The village opens: in the rain, the cocks crow, one or two of the families — the rainy village and the cocks; the bamboo brook, the village road, the plank bridge, slanting — the brook and the slanting bridge. The season follows: the women and the mothers, calling each other, go to bathe the silkworms — the calling of the women, the bathing of the silkworms. And the close gathers the idleness: idly, looking at the middle court, the gardenia flowers — the gardenia of the middle court, the idle look — the mountain village, the busy season and the idle close, gathered in the poem.

此诗艺术上以「清新明快、以景写情」见长。全诗共四句，由雨里鸡鸣一两家而竹溪村路板桥斜而妇姑相唤浴蚕去。起「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」写雨里鸡鸣一两家：雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜；「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去：妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。全诗以景写情，由雨里鸡鸣一两家而妇姑相唤浴蚕去，清新明快，是王建诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。

Allusions

'The bamboo brook' (zhu xi) is the brook of the bamboo — the brook of the village; 'the plank bridge' (ban qiao) is the plank bridge — the bridge of the planks, slanting; 'to bathe the silkworms' (yu can) is the bathing of the silkworms — the bathing of the silkworm eggs of the season; 'the middle court' (zhong ting) is the middle court — the court of the house, the gardenia of the court; 'the gardenia' (zhi zi) is the gardenia — the gardenia flowers of the close.

诗中「雨里鸡鸣一两家竹溪村路板桥斜」「妇姑相唤浴蚕去闲看中庭栀子花」等语，皆含典故故实。「雨里鸡鸣一两家竹溪村路板桥斜」写雨里鸡鸣一两家竹溪村路板桥斜；「妇姑相唤浴蚕去闲看中庭栀子花」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去闲看中庭栀子花。诗人以浴蚕、栀子花等语入诗，不着痕迹，而把田园写景之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous idyllic works of Wang Jian, quoted for the contrast of its close. The busy calling of the women, and the idle gardenia of the middle court, are among the admired images of the poet's idylls. Critics praise the poem's idyll: the mountain village gathered in the busy season, to the close's idle gardenia.

这首《雨过山村》，是王建写田园写景之作，写雨里鸡鸣一两家、妇姑相唤浴蚕去、闲看中庭栀子花之情，清新明快。起「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」——雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜。写雨里鸡鸣一两家：雨里鸡鸣一两家、竹溪村路板桥斜——雨里鸡鸣、竹溪板桥斜；「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」——妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。写妇姑相唤浴蚕去：妇姑相唤浴蚕去、闲看中庭栀子花——相唤浴蚕去、闲看栀子花。这「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」，是全诗之结：以闲看中庭栀子花写其田园。全诗清新明快，以景写情，正是王建诗中的名篇。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。

Prosody

Form A regulated seven-character poem of the idyll诗（七言绝句）
Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level-tone jia, xie and hua of the group — the even, level rhyme that carries the light idyll.此诗为七言绝句，共四句，两句一联。押平声韵：「斜」「花」押麻部韵。诗体依绝句而定，句式整齐，音节随情起伏，正与写田园写景的清新明快相称，也见其以绝句写田园的自然。
Tone pattern The cadence is that of the village: the level opening with the rainy scene, the turning with the busy season, and the close's fall with the idle gardenia.句式上，「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」写雨里鸡鸣一两家，音节清丽；「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去，音节明快。全诗音节随情起伏，由清丽而明快，正合绝句「含蓄」之妙，读来如田园写景、闲看中庭栀子花之音，清新而动人。
Reading note The poem's sound matches its idyll: the even, level rhymes carry the cadence of the village, and the close — 'xian kan zhong ting zhi zi hua' — falls with the gardenia, the sound of the idle look of the poet.此诗为七言绝句，是王建写田园写景之作，也是其诗中的名篇。全诗的艺术特色在于「清新明快、以景写情」：「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」写雨里鸡鸣一两家、「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去。全诗清新明快，以景写情。尤为精妙者，是「雨里鸡鸣一两家」写尽山村之小；而「妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花」以花写闲，正是王建诗「清新明快」的典范，为历代选本所常收。《雨过山村》一诗之所以读来声情并茂，正在于诗人以声韵配合情思、以节奏烘托意境，音节之长短、平仄之起伏，皆与诗意相为表里，此亦可见中国古典诗歌声律之美与匠心之工。

Line by line

雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜。

In the rain, the cocks crow, one or two of the families, the bamboo brook, the village road, the plank bridge, slanting.

雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜。

In the rain, a cock crows from one or two homes; by the bamboo stream, the village path slants over a wooden bridge.

首二句写雨里鸡鸣一两家，起笔即见其景。「雨里鸡鸣一两家」写雨里鸡鸣一两家，「雨里」写雨中、「鸡鸣一两家」写一两家鸡鸣；「竹溪村路板桥斜」写竹溪村路板桥斜，「竹溪村路」写竹溪村路、「板桥斜」写板桥斜。两句一写雨里鸡鸣一两家、一写竹溪村路板桥斜，以雨里鸡鸣写雨鸡鸣、以竹溪村路板桥斜写村路板桥，写尽雨里鸡鸣一两家、竹溪村路板桥斜之情。以景起兴，清新而明快，是「以景起兴」的妙笔。

The opening two lines write in the rain, a cock crows from one or two homes, the scene named at the first stroke. In the rain: the rainy weather. A cock crows from one or two homes: the scattered farmsteads. By the bamboo stream, the village path slants over a wooden bridge: the bamboo-lined stream, the slanting bridge. One couplet writes the rain's cock crow and the bamboo-stream bridge - Wang Jian's starting point for the rain-passed mountain village: the quiet village in the rain. The line opens with scenery as bi-xing, fresh and bright: the rain-soaked village already feels warm and alive.

妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。

The women and the mothers, calling each other, go to bathe the silkworms, idly, looking at the middle court, the gardenia flowers.

妇姑相唤浴蚕去，闲看中庭栀子花。

Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law call each other to go soak the silkworm eggs; idle, they watch the gardenia in the courtyard.

尾二句写妇姑相唤浴蚕去，是全诗立意的落点。「妇姑相唤浴蚕去」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去，「妇姑相唤」写妇姑相唤、「浴蚕去」写浴蚕而去；「闲看中庭栀子花」写闲看中庭栀子花，「闲看」写闲看、「中庭栀子花」写中庭栀子花。两句一写妇姑相唤浴蚕去、一写闲看中庭栀子花，以妇姑相唤浴蚕去写浴蚕、以闲看中庭栀子花写闲看栀子，写尽妇姑相唤浴蚕去、闲看中庭栀子花之情。以花写闲，清新而明快，是全诗最动人处，也是「以花写闲」的点睛之笔。

The closing two lines write daughter-in-law and mother-in-law call each other to go soak the silkworm eggs, the poem's landing. Daughter-in-law and mother-in-law call each other: the women's exchange. To go soak the silkworm eggs: the spring labor. Idle, they watch the gardenia in the courtyard: the idle watching, the white flower. One couplet writes the women calling to the silkworm work and the idle gardenia - Wang Jian's resolution: while the women go to their spring labor, the gardenia blooms alone in the quiet court. The line uses the flower for leisure, fresh and bright, the poem's most moving point: the flower's stillness sets off the women's busy warmth.

Study

Word focus

一两家 'One or two of the families' — the few families of the village, the small of the scene. 「一两家」写雨里鸡鸣一两家，是写人家稀少的关键。「雨里鸡鸣一两家」着一「一两家」，写一二家——着一「一两家」，写雨里鸡鸣一两家，见其村之小。三字写尽村小之景，是「以词写村」的妙笔。「一两家」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
斜 'Slanting' — the plank bridge slanting, the slant of the scene. 「斜」字写板桥斜，是写板桥斜横之态的关键。「竹溪村路板桥斜」着一「斜」，写斜横——着一「斜」字，写板桥斜，见其桥之斜。一字写尽板桥之态，是「以一字写形」的点睛之词。「斜」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
相唤 'Calling each other' — the calling of the women, the mutual of the call. 「相唤」写妇姑相唤浴蚕去，是写相唤之态的关键。「妇姑相唤浴蚕去」着一「相唤」，写互相呼唤——着一「相唤」，写妇姑相唤，见其相唤之亲。两字写尽相唤之态，是「以词写情」的点睛之词。「相唤」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
闲 'Idly' — the idle look of the poet, the idleness of the close. 「闲」字写闲看中庭栀子花，是写闲适之态的关键。「闲看中庭栀子花」着一「闲」，写悠闲——着一「闲」字，写闲看中庭栀子花，见其闲适之态。一字写尽闲适之情，是「以一字写闲」的点睛之词。「闲」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。

Related Reading

浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯 Silk-Washing Stream: A New Song, a Cup of Wine 晏殊 · 同写小令写景、清新蕴藉，一写无可奈何花落去、一写雨里鸡鸣一两家竹溪村路板桥斜，皆于小令之中见清新蕴藉 Both are the works of the season and the scene — the flowers of the season of Yan Shu, the gardenia of the village of Wang Jian — the two flowers of the season.

Yan Shu's 'Silk-Washing Stream' — 'the falling flowers of the helpless' — is the season of the flowers of the garden; Wang Jian's 'Passing by the Mountain Village' — 'the gardenia flowers of the middle court' — is the season of the flowers of the village — the two flowers of the season, the one of the garden, the other of the village.

晏殊《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》「无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来」，写景感怀，是宋词小令的名篇；王建《雨过山村》则以「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」「闲看中庭栀子花」写雨里鸡鸣一两家、闲看栀子花。两诗同写小令写景、清新蕴藉：一写无可奈何花落去、以花落燕归写惜时，一写雨里鸡鸣一两家竹溪村路板桥斜、以山村写田园；一为晏殊之温润、一为王建之清新，并读正可见诗写「小令写景」的两种笔法，皆于小令之中见清新蕴藉。

 定风波·莫听穿林打叶声 Calming the Wind and the Waves: Do Not Listen to the Sound of the Forest Beating through the Leaves 苏轼 · 同写雨中闲适、旷达自适，一写莫听穿林打叶声何妨吟啸且徐行、一写雨里鸡鸣一两家闲看中庭栀子花，皆于雨中之中见闲适 Both are the works of the rain and the going — the rain of the journey of Su Shi, the rain of the village of Wang Jian — the two rains of the going.

Su Shi's 'Calming the Wind and the Waves' — 'do not listen to the sound of the forest beating through the leaves' — is the rain of the journey, the going on; Wang Jian's 'Passing by the Mountain Village' — 'in the rain, the cocks crow' — is the rain of the village, the passing of the poet — the two rains, the one of the journey, the other of the village.

苏轼《定风波·莫听穿林打叶声》「莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行」，写雨中闲适、旷达自适，是宋词写旷达的名篇；王建《雨过山村》则以「雨里鸡鸣一两家，竹溪村路板桥斜」「闲看中庭栀子花」写雨里鸡鸣、闲看栀子花。两诗同写雨中闲适、旷达自适：一写莫听穿林打叶声何妨吟啸且徐行、以吟啸写旷达，一写雨里鸡鸣一两家闲看中庭栀子花、以栀子写闲适；一为苏轼之超然、一为王建之清新，并读正可见诗写「雨中闲适」的两种笔法，皆于雨中之中见闲适。