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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

雨晴

The Rain Clearing

杜甫

Du Fu

九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏。
这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；
雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；
竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；
东西溃九州，南北串百川。
归舟紧不紧如何见？
却便似弩箭乍离弦。

The nine bends, the wind and the waves, where to show,
Then, except this place, the partial.
This river, carrying the Qi and the Liang,
Dividing the Qin and the Jin,
Narrowing the You and the Yan;
The snow waves, beating the long sky,
The horizon of the sky, the autumn clouds, rolling;
The bamboo cables, mooring the floating bridge,
On the water, the green dragon, lying;
The east and the west, bursting the nine provinces,
The south and the north, stringing the hundred rivers.
The returning boat, tight or not, how to see?
But just like the crossbow arrow, suddenly leaving the string.
Listen

Meaning

A poem of the Yellow River and its might, written by Du Fu. The nine bends, the wind and the waves, where to show — then, except this place, the partial — the nine bends of the river and the might. This river, carrying the Qi and the Liang, dividing the Qin and the Jin, narrowing the You and the Yan — the carrying and the dividing of the river. The snow waves, beating the long sky, the horizon of the sky, the autumn clouds, rolling — the snow waves and the rolling clouds. The bamboo cables, mooring the floating bridge, on the water, the green dragon, lying — the floating bridge and the lying dragon. The east and the west, bursting the nine provinces, the south and the north, stringing the hundred rivers — the bursting and the stringing of the river. The returning boat, tight or not, how to see? — but just like the crossbow arrow, suddenly leaving the string — the close's boat like the arrow. The poem is the Yellow River and its might: the nine bends, the snow waves, and the close's boat like the arrow.

九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏。这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川。归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The nine bends, the wind and the waves, where to show, then, except this place, the partial. This river, carrying the Qi and the Liang, dividing the Qin and the Jin, narrowing the You and the Yan; the snow waves, beating the long sky, the horizon of the sky, the autumn clouds, rolling; the bamboo cables, mooring the floating bridge, on the water, the green dragon, lying; the east and the west, bursting the nine provinces, the south and the north, stringing the hundred rivers. The returning boat, tight or not, how to see? But just like the crossbow arrow, suddenly leaving the string. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the nine bends and the might of the river, through the carrying and the dividing, and the snow waves with the floating bridge, to the close's returning boat like the arrow. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the might of the river: the carrying and the dividing of the provinces, the snow waves beating the long sky, and the close's boat like the arrow — the might of the Yellow River gathered in the scenes and the close's arrow. [Emotional Tone] Vast, mighty, and rushing: the poem is the Yellow River, the snow waves and the close's boat like the arrow.

【白话串讲】 杜甫写《雨晴》：“九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏”——“雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷”——他写雨晴——天际秋云卷。 【意象与手法】 “九曲风涛何处显、则除是此地偏”写九曲风涛；“这河带齐梁、分秦晋、隘幽燕”写河带齐梁；“雪浪拍长空、天际秋云卷”写雪浪拍长空；结以“归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦”写弩箭乍离弦。雄放。 【情感与主旨】 写黄河九曲风涛、雪浪拍长空的雄放之景，以弩箭乍离弦写归舟之疾，是写黄河的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷”写黄河雪浪；“归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦”写归舟之疾。

Background

Du Fu (712–770) wrote this 'The Rain Clearing' of the Yellow River — the might of the river of the middle. The nine bends of the wind and the waves, the carrying of the Qi and the Liang with the dividing of the Qin and the Jin, the snow waves beating the long sky with the rolling autumn clouds, the bamboo cables mooring the floating bridge with the lying green dragon, and the close's returning boat like the arrow — the poem gathers the might of the Yellow River, the vast scene of the water. The poem is one of the famous river poems of the poet.

《雨晴》为唐代诗人杜甫所作曲。杜甫（712—770），字子美，号少陵野老，巩县人，唐代诗人。此曲写景黄河，为咏河之作。曲中「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」写九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏；「这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕」写这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；「雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃」写雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；「归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦」写归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦。杜甫此曲以写景黄河、却便似弩箭乍离弦写其黄河之情，雄放黄河，是杜甫诗中的名篇。此篇《雨晴》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《雨晴》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the might of the river. The river opens: the nine bends, the wind and the waves, where to show — then, except this place, the partial — the nine bends and the might. The dividing follows: this river, carrying the Qi and the Liang, dividing the Qin and the Jin, narrowing the You and the Yan — the carrying and the dividing of the river; the snow waves, beating the long sky — the horizon of the sky, the autumn clouds, rolling — the snow waves and the rolling clouds; the bamboo cables, mooring the floating bridge — on the water, the green dragon, lying — the floating bridge and the lying dragon; the east and the west, bursting the nine provinces — the south and the north, stringing the hundred rivers — the bursting and the stringing. And the close gathers the rush: the returning boat, tight or not, how to see? — but just like the crossbow arrow, suddenly leaving the string — the boat like the arrow — the might of the river, the snow waves and the close's arrow, gathered in the poem.

此曲艺术上以「雄放黄河、以浪写情」见长。全曲共三句，由九曲风涛何处显而这河带齐梁而雪浪拍长空。起「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」写九曲风涛何处显：九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏；「这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川」写这河带齐梁：这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川；结「归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦」写却便似弩箭乍离弦：归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦。全曲以浪写情，由九曲风涛何处显而却便似弩箭乍离弦，雄放黄河，是杜甫诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。

Allusions

'The nine bends' (jiu qu) are the nine bends — the nine bends of the Yellow River; 'the Qi and the Liang' (Qi Liang) are the Qi and the Liang — the lands of the river; 'the Qin and the Jin' (Qin Jin) are the Qin and the Jin — the dividing of the lands; 'the snow waves' (xue lang) are the snow waves — the waves like the snow, beating the sky; 'the green dragon' (cang long) is the green dragon — the floating bridge like the dragon lying on the water; 'the crossbow arrow' (nu jian) is the crossbow arrow — the arrow of the close, the boat like the arrow.

曲中「九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏」「这河带齐梁分秦晋隘幽燕」「雪浪拍长空天际秋云卷」「归舟紧不紧如何见却便似弩箭乍离弦」等语，皆含典故故实。「九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏」用九曲之典（九曲写黄河），写九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏；「这河带齐梁分秦晋隘幽燕」写这河带齐梁分秦晋隘幽燕；「雪浪拍长空天际秋云卷」写雪浪拍长空天际秋云卷；「归舟紧不紧如何见却便似弩箭乍离弦」写归舟紧不紧如何见却便似弩箭乍离弦。诗人用九曲之典入曲，不着痕迹，而把写景黄河之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous river poems of Du Fu, quoted for the might of its waves and the close's arrow. The snow waves beating the long sky, and the returning boat like the crossbow arrow, are among the admired images of the poet's river poems. Critics praise the poem's might: the Yellow River gathered in the waves and the dividing, to the close's boat like the arrow.

这首《雨晴》，是杜甫写景黄河之作，写九曲风涛何处显、这河带齐梁、雪浪拍长空、却便似弩箭乍离弦之情，雄放黄河。起「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」——九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏。写九曲风涛何处显：九曲风涛何处显、则除是此地偏——何处显、此地偏；「这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川」——这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川。写这河带齐梁：这河带齐梁、分秦晋、隘幽燕——带齐梁、分秦晋、隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空、天际秋云卷——拍长空、秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥、水上苍龙偃——缆浮桥、苍龙偃；东西溃九州、南北串百川——溃九州、串百川；结「归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦」——归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦。写却便似弩箭乍离弦：归舟紧不紧如何见、却便似弩箭乍离弦——如何见、乍离弦。这「归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦」，是全曲之结：以却便似弩箭乍离弦写其黄河。全曲雄放黄河，以浪写情，正是杜甫诗中的名篇。

Prosody

Form A seven-character ancient poem of the river曲（散曲）
Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level and the oblique of the group — the free cadence of the ancient poem that carries the mighty rush.此曲为散曲。押韵：「偏」「燕」「卷」「偃」「川」「弦」等部。句句自然流转，声情雄放，正与写景黄河的雄放黄河相称，也见其以散曲写黄河的流转。
Tone pattern The cadence is that of the river: the level opening with the nine bends, the turning with the waves and the bridge, and the close's fall with the boat like the arrow.句式上，「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」写九曲风涛何处显，音节雄放；「这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川」写这河带齐梁，音节高亢；结「归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦」写却便似弩箭乍离弦，音节悠长。全曲音节随情起伏，由雄放而高亢、而悠长，正合散曲「流转」之妙，读来如写景黄河、却便似弩箭乍离弦之音，雄放而动人。
Reading note The poem's sound matches its might: the free cadences of the ancient poem, and the close — 'que bian si nu jian zha li xian' — falls with the arrow, the sound of the rush of the returning boat.此曲为散曲，是杜甫写景黄河之作，也是其诗中的名篇。全曲的艺术特色在于「雄放黄河、以浪写情」：「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」写九曲风涛何处显、「这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川」写这河带齐梁、「归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦」写却便似弩箭乍离弦。全曲雄放黄河，以浪写情。尤为精妙者，是「九曲风涛何处显」用九曲之典；而「却便似弩箭乍离弦」写尽乍离弦，正是杜甫诗「雄放黄河」的典范，为历代选本所常收。《雨晴》一诗之所以读来声情并茂，正在于诗人以声韵配合情思、以节奏烘托意境，音节之长短、平仄之起伏，皆与诗意相为表里，此亦可见中国古典诗歌声律之美与匠心之工。

Line by line

九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏。

The nine bends, the wind and the waves, where to show, then, except this place, the partial.

九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏。

Where else do the nine bends' wind and waves show? Except at this strange spot.

起句写九曲风涛何处显，起笔即见其风涛。「九曲风涛何处显」用九曲之典写九曲风涛何处显，「九曲风涛」写九曲风涛、「何处显」写何处显；「则除是此地偏」写则除是此地偏，「则除是」写则除是、「此地偏」写此地偏。一句写九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏，以九曲风涛何处显写何处显、以则除是此地偏写此地偏，写尽九曲风涛何处显、则除是此地偏之情。以河起兴，雄放而黄河，是「以河起兴」的妙笔。

The opening writes where else do the nine bends' wind and waves show, the waves named at the first stroke. The nine bends' wind and waves uses the nine-bends allusion: the Yellow River's rapids. Where else do they show: the rhetorical question of uniqueness. Except at this strange spot: the exceptional place. One line writes the river's famous rapids and this unique spot - Du Fu's starting point for the Yellow River view: nowhere else does the river show its full fury. The line opens with the river as bi-xing, grand and Yellow-River-themed: the uniqueness asserted at once.

这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川。

This river, carrying the Qi and the Liang, dividing the Qin and the Jin, narrowing the You and the Yan; the snow waves, beating the long sky, the horizon of the sky, the autumn clouds, rolling; the bamboo cables, mooring the floating bridge, on the water, the green dragon, lying; the east and the west, bursting the nine provinces, the south and the north, stringing the hundred rivers.

这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕；雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷；竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃；东西溃九州，南北串百川。

This river girdles Qi and Liang, divides Qin and Jin, guards You and Yan; snow-white waves beat the vast sky, autumn clouds roll at the horizon; bamboo cables moor the floating bridge, a black dragon lying on the water; east and west it overwhelms the nine provinces, north and south it links a hundred streams.

此句写这河带齐梁，是全曲写黄河之态的关键。「这河带齐梁，分秦晋，隘幽燕」写这河带齐梁分秦晋隘幽燕，「这河带齐梁」写这河带齐梁、「分秦晋」写分秦晋、「隘幽燕」写隘幽燕；「雪浪拍长空，天际秋云卷」写雪浪拍长空天际秋云卷，「雪浪拍长空」写雪浪拍长空、「天际秋云卷」写天际秋云卷；「竹索缆浮桥，水上苍龙偃」写竹索缆浮桥水上苍龙偃，「竹索缆浮桥」写竹索缆浮桥、「水上苍龙偃」写水上苍龙偃；「东西溃九州，南北串百川」写东西溃九州南北串百川，「东西溃九州」写东西溃九州、「南北串百川」写南北串百川。一句写这河带齐梁分秦晋隘幽燕雪浪拍长空天际秋云卷竹索缆浮桥水上苍龙偃东西溃九州南北串百川，以这河带齐梁写带齐梁、以雪浪拍长空写拍长空、以竹索缆浮桥写缆浮桥、以东西溃九州写溃九州，写尽这河带齐梁、雪浪拍长空之情。以河写景，雄放而黄河，是「以河写景」的点睛之笔。

This line writes this river girdles Qi and Liang, the key to the whole song's Yellow-River manner. This river girdles Qi and Liang, divides Qin and Jin, guards You and Yan writes the river's command of the realms; snow-white waves beat the vast sky, autumn clouds roll at the horizon writes the waves beating the sky; bamboo cables moor the floating bridge, a black dragon lying on the water writes the bridge on the river; east and west it overwhelms the nine provinces, north and south it links a hundred streams writes the river's mastery. One long line writes the river girdling the realms, the waves beating the sky, the cable bridge, and the overwhelming of the provinces - Du Fu's scene: the Yellow River's whole grandeur in one sweep. The line uses the river for scenery, grand and Yellow-River-themed: the empire-scale river laid out in one breath.

归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦。

The returning boat, tight or not, how to see? But just like the crossbow arrow, suddenly leaving the string.

归舟紧不紧如何见？却便似弩箭乍离弦。

How see whether the home-going boat is fast? It is like a crossbow bolt just leaving the string.

结句写却便似弩箭乍离弦，是全曲立意的落点。「归舟紧不紧如何见」写归舟紧不紧如何见，「归舟紧不紧」写归舟紧不紧、「如何见」写如何见；「却便似弩箭乍离弦」写却便似弩箭乍离弦，「却便似」写却便似、「弩箭乍离弦」写弩箭乍离弦。一句写归舟紧不紧如何见却便似弩箭乍离弦，以归舟紧不紧如何见写如何见、以却便似弩箭乍离弦写乍离弦，写尽归舟紧不紧如何见、却便似弩箭乍离弦之情。以弦写情，雄放而黄河，是全曲最动人处，也是「以弦写情」的点睛之笔。

The closing line writes it is like a crossbow bolt just leaving the string, the song's landing. How see whether the home-going boat is fast? writes the boats' speed questioned. It is like a crossbow bolt just leaving the string writes the sudden simile. One line writes the fast home-going boat and the bolt-like simile - Du Fu's resolution: the boat races downstream like a bolt. The line uses the string for feeling, grand and Yellow-River-themed, the song's most moving point: the river's power shown through the speeding boat.

Study

Word focus

九曲 'The nine bends' — the nine bends of the Yellow River, the bends of the river. 「九曲」写九曲风涛何处显，是写九曲之态的关键。「九曲风涛何处显」着一「九曲」，写九曲——着一「九曲」，写九曲风涛何处显，见其曲之九。两字写尽九曲之态，是「以词写曲」的妙笔。「九曲」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
雪浪 'The snow waves' — the waves like the snow, beating the long sky. 「雪浪」写雪浪拍长空，是写雪浪之态的关键。「雪浪拍长空」着一「雪浪」，写雪浪——着一「雪浪」，写雪浪拍长空，见其浪之雪。两字写尽雪浪之态，是「以词写浪」的点睛之词。「雪浪」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
苍龙 'The green dragon' — the floating bridge like the dragon lying on the water. 「苍龙」写水上苍龙偃，是写苍龙之态的关键。「水上苍龙偃」着一「苍龙」，写苍龙——着一「苍龙」，写水上苍龙偃，见其龙之苍。两字写尽苍龙之态，是「以词写龙」的点睛之词。「苍龙」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
弩箭 'The crossbow arrow' — the arrow of the close, the boat like the arrow. 「弩箭」写却便似弩箭乍离弦，是写弩箭之态的关键。「却便似弩箭乍离弦」着一「弩箭」，写弩箭——着一「弩箭」，写却便似弩箭乍离弦，见其箭之弩。两字写尽弩箭之态，是「以词写箭」的点睛之词。「弩箭」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。

Related Reading

水调歌头·明月几时有 Prelude to Water Melody: When Will the Bright Moon Appear 苏轼 · 同写黄河感怀、雄放旷达，一写人有悲欢离合、一写九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏，皆于黄河之中见雄放 Both are the works of the water and the sky — the moon of the water of Su Shi, the waves of the river of Du Fu — the two scenes of the water and the sky.

Su Shi's 'Prelude to Water Melody' — 'the bright moon, when will it appear' — is the scene of the moon of the sky; Du Fu's 'The Rain Clearing' — 'the snow waves, beating the long sky' — is the scene of the waves of the river — the two scenes of the water and the sky, the one of the moon, the other of the waves.

苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全」，写黄河感怀、雄放旷达，是宋词长调的名篇；杜甫《雨晴》则以「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」「却便似弩箭乍离弦」写此地偏、乍离弦。两诗同写黄河感怀、雄放旷达：一写人有悲欢离合、以悲欢写离合，一写九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏、以黄河写写景；一为苏轼之旷达、一为杜甫之雄放，并读正可见诗写「黄河感怀」的两种笔法，皆于黄河之中见雄放。

 八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain That Spatters the Long River 柳永 · 同写长空凝望、雄放清丽，一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏，皆于长空之中见凝望 Both are the works of the river and the rain — the rain of the river of Liu Yong, the waves of the river of Du Fu — the two scenes of the long river.

Liu Yong's 'Eight Beats of Ganzhou' — 'the evening rain that spatters the long river' — is the rain of the long river; Du Fu's 'The Rain Clearing' — 'the snow waves, beating the long sky' — is the waves of the long river — the two scenes of the long river, the one of the rain, the other of the waves.

柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋」，写长空凝望、雄放清丽，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；杜甫《雨晴》则以「九曲风涛何处显，则除是此地偏」「雪浪拍长空」写此地偏、拍长空。两诗同写长空凝望、雄放清丽：一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋，一写九曲风涛何处显则除是此地偏、以黄河写写景；一为柳永之清丽、一为杜甫之雄放，并读正可见诗写「长空凝望」的两种笔法，皆于长空之中见凝望。