唐 Tang · 诗 Poem
早发渔浦潭
Setting Out Early from the Yupu Pool
东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒。
卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨。
日出气象分,始知江湖阔。
美人常晏起,照影弄流沫。
饮水畏惊猿,祭鱼时见獭。
舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。
The islet birds, already, startled, chattering.
Lying, hearing the mouth of the Yupu,
The sound of the oars, secretly, pulling.
The sun rising, the appearance of the scene, divided,
Only then, knowing the river and the lake, wide.
The beautiful, always, rising late,
In the mirror of the light, playing with the flowing foam.
Drinking the water, fearing the startled ape,
Offering the fish, at the time, seeing the otter.
The boat going, from itself, without the boredom,
Moreover, meeting the clear scene, open and wide.
Meaning
A poem of the early setting out and the wide scene, written by Meng Haoran. The east sun, early, the light and the glow — the islet birds, already, startled, chattering — the early light and the startled birds. Lying, hearing the mouth of the Yupu — the sound of the oars, secretly, pulling — the hearing of the oars and the secret pulling. The sun rising, the appearance of the scene, divided — only then, knowing the river and the lake, wide — the divided scene and the wide river and the lake. The beautiful, always, rising late — in the mirror of the light, playing with the flowing foam — the beautiful rising late and the playing with the foam. Drinking the water, fearing the startled ape — offering the fish, at the time, seeing the otter — the fears and the sights of the way. The boat going, from itself, without the boredom — moreover, meeting the clear scene, open and wide — the close's boat without the boredom and the clear scene. The poem is the early setting out and the wide scene: the early light, the wide river and the lake, and the close's clear scene.
东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒。卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨。日出气象分,始知江湖阔。美人常晏起,照影弄流沫。饮水畏惊猿,祭鱼时见獭。舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] The east sun, early, the light and the glow, the islet birds, already, startled, chattering. Lying, hearing the mouth of the Yupu, the sound of the oars, secretly, pulling. The sun rising, the appearance of the scene, divided, only then, knowing the river and the lake, wide. The beautiful, always, rising late, in the mirror of the light, playing with the flowing foam. Drinking the water, fearing the startled ape, offering the fish, at the time, seeing the otter. The boat going, from itself, without the boredom, moreover, meeting the clear scene, open and wide. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the early light and the startled birds, through the oars and the wide river and the lake, and the beautiful with the fears of the way, to the close's boat without the boredom and the clear scene. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the wide of the scene: the divided appearance of the rising sun, and the close's clear scene open and wide — the setting out gathered in the wide scene and the close's ease. [Emotional Tone] Clear, wide, and easy: the poem is the early setting out, the wide river and the lake, and the close's clear scene.
【白话串讲】 孟浩然写《早发渔浦潭》:“东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒”——“卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨”——“日出气象分,始知江湖阔”——“舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁”——他早发渔浦潭——始知江湖阔。 【意象与手法】 “东旭早光芒、渚禽已惊聒”写东旭光芒;“卧闻渔浦口、桡声暗相拨”写卧闻渔浦口;“日出气象分、始知江湖阔”写出日气象分;结以“舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁”写况值晴景豁。清旷自然。 【情感与主旨】 孟浩然写早发渔浦潭之作,写东旭光芒、日出气象分始知江湖阔的晨景,是孟浩然山水诗中的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨”写早发之景;“日出气象分,始知江湖阔”写晨景阔大。
Background
Meng Haoran (689–740) wrote this 'Setting Out Early from the Yupu Pool' of the early journey — the wide scene of the river and the lake. The early light with the startled birds, the oars secretly pulling at the mouth of the Yupu, the divided appearance of the scene with the wide river and the lake, the beautiful playing with the foam, and the close's boat without the boredom meeting the clear scene — the poem gathers the ease of the journey, the wide scene of the water. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the journey.
《早发渔浦潭》为唐代诗人孟浩然所作诗。孟浩然(689—740),名浩,字浩然,号孟山人,襄州襄阳(今湖北襄阳)人,盛唐田园山水诗人。此诗写景行旅,为早发渔浦潭之作。诗中「东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒」写东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒;「卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨」写卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨;「日出气象分,始知江湖阔」写日出气象分,始知江湖阔;「舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁」写舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。孟浩然此诗以写景行旅、况值晴景豁写其行旅之情,清旷自然,是孟浩然诗中的名篇。此篇《早发渔浦潭》在历代选本中多被收录,其艺术价值与流传之广,正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事,遂使此作历千载而犹有生气,为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《早发渔浦潭》在历代选本中多被收录,其艺术价值与流传之广,正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事,遂使此作历千载而犹有生气,为后人所称赏不绝。
Art
The poem's art is the art of the wide scene. The light opens: the east sun, early, the light and the glow — the early light of the east sun; the islet birds, already, startled, chattering — the startled birds. The setting out: lying, hearing the mouth of the Yupu — the hearing of the poet; the sound of the oars, secretly, pulling — the secret pulling of the oars. The wide: the sun rising, the appearance of the scene, divided — the divided scene of the rising sun; only then, knowing the river and the lake, wide — the wide river and the lake. The sights: the beautiful, always, rising late — in the mirror of the light, playing with the flowing foam — the beautiful and the foam; drinking the water, fearing the startled ape — offering the fish, at the time, seeing the otter — the fears and the sights. And the close gathers the ease: the boat going, from itself, without the boredom — the boat without the boredom; moreover, meeting the clear scene, open and wide — the clear scene of the close — the early setting out, the wide scene and the close's ease, gathered in the poem.
此诗艺术上以「清旷自然、以景写情」见长。全诗共十二句,由东旭早光芒而卧闻渔浦口而日出气象分。起「东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒」写东旭早光芒:东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒;「卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨」写卧闻渔浦口:卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨;「日出气象分,始知江湖阔」写日出气象分:日出气象分,始知江湖阔;结「舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁」写况值晴景豁:舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。全诗以景写情,由东旭早光芒而况值晴景豁,清旷自然,是孟浩然诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之,章法严谨而用意深曲,意象凝练而情韵悠长,读之愈久,愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健,堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇,足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之,章法严谨而用意深曲,意象凝练而情韵悠长,读之愈久,愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健,堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇,足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。
Allusions
'The Yupu' (Yupu) is the Yupu — the pool of the Yupu, the mouth of the setting out; 'the river and the lake' (jiang hu) are the river and the lake — the wide of the water, the rivers and the lakes; 'the mirror of the light' (zhao ying) is the mirror of the light — the light as the mirror, the reflection of the beautiful; 'the offering of the fish' (ji yu) is the offering of the fish — the offering of the otter, the sight of the way; 'the clear scene' (qing jing) is the clear scene — the clear and the open scene of the close.
诗中「东旭早光芒渚禽已惊聒」「卧闻渔浦口桡声暗相拨」「日出气象分始知江湖阔」「美人常晏起照影弄流沫」「饮水畏惊猿祭鱼时见獭」「舟行自无闷况值晴景豁」等语,皆含典故故实。「东旭早光芒渚禽已惊聒」写东旭早光芒渚禽已惊聒;「卧闻渔浦口桡声暗相拨」写卧闻渔浦口桡声暗相拨;「日出气象分始知江湖阔」写日出气象分始知江湖阔;「美人常晏起照影弄流沫」写美人常晏起照影弄流沫;「饮水畏惊猿祭鱼时见獭」写饮水畏惊猿祭鱼时见獭;「舟行自无闷况值晴景豁」写舟行自无闷况值晴景豁。诗人以渔浦、江湖等语入诗,不着痕迹,而把写景行旅之情写得真切可感,是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法,熔铸古今而不着痕迹,既不炫博以示学,亦不拘泥于旧解,正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味,方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。
Commentary
This poem is one of the famous works of Meng Haoran's poems of the journey, quoted for the wide of its scene and the ease of its close. The wide river and the lake, and the boat without the boredom, are among the admired images of the poet's poems of the water. Critics praise the poem's clearness: the setting out gathered in the wide scene, to the close's ease.
这首《早发渔浦潭》,是孟浩然写写景行旅之作,写东旭早光芒、卧闻渔浦口、日出气象分、况值晴景豁之情,清旷自然。起「东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒」——东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒。写东旭早光芒:东旭早光芒、渚禽已惊聒——早光芒、已惊聒;「卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨」——卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨。写卧闻渔浦口:卧闻渔浦口、桡声暗相拨——渔浦口、暗相拨;「日出气象分,始知江湖阔」——日出气象分,始知江湖阔。写日出气象分:日出气象分、始知江湖阔——气象分、江湖阔;结「舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁」——舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。写况值晴景豁:舟行自无闷、况值晴景豁——自无闷、晴景豁。这「舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁」,是全诗之结:以况值晴景豁写其行旅。全诗清旷自然,以景写情,正是孟浩然诗中的名篇。综观全诗,情真、景切、理深,三者浑融无迹,故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意,令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处,正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。
Prosody
Line by line
东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒。
The east sun, early, the light and the glow, the islet birds, already, startled, chattering.
东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒。
The eastern dawn already glows; islet birds start up and clamor.
起句写东旭早光芒,起笔即见其旭。「东旭早光芒」写东旭早光芒,「东旭」写东旭、「早光芒」写早光芒;「渚禽已惊聒」写渚禽已惊聒,「渚禽」写渚禽、「已惊聒」写已惊聒。一句写东旭早光芒渚禽已惊聒,以东旭早光芒写早光芒、以渚禽已惊聒写已惊聒,写尽东旭早光芒、渚禽已惊聒之情。以旭起兴,清旷而自然,是「以旭起兴」的妙笔。
The opening writes the eastern dawn already glows, the dawn named at the first stroke. Eastern dawn: the morning east. Already glowing: the first light. Islet birds start up and clamor: the waterside birds, the startled chatter. One couplet writes the early dawn's glow and the islet birds' clamor - Meng Haoran's starting point for the early departure: the dawn breaking over the water. The line opens with dawn as bi-xing, clear and natural: the early start already alive with birdsong.
卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨。
Lying, hearing the mouth of the Yupu, the sound of the oars, secretly, pulling.
卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨。
Lying abed I hear, at Yupu's mouth, oar sounds softly striking.
此句写卧闻渔浦口,是全诗写渔浦之态的关键。「卧闻渔浦口」写卧闻渔浦口,「卧闻」写卧闻、「渔浦口」写渔浦口;「桡声暗相拨」写桡声暗相拨,「桡声」写桡声、「暗相拨」写暗相拨。一句写卧闻渔浦口桡声暗相拨,以卧闻渔浦口写渔浦口、以桡声暗相拨写暗相拨,写尽卧闻渔浦口、桡声暗相拨之情。以桡写景,清旷而自然,是「以桡写景」的点睛之笔。
This line writes lying abed I hear, at Yupu's mouth, the key to the poem's Yupu state. Lying abed I hear: the reclining hearing. Yupu's mouth: the fishing harbor's entrance. Oar sounds softly striking: the oars, the quiet rowing. One couplet writes the bed-bound hearing at the harbor mouth and the soft oar strokes - Meng Haoran's scene: the boats already rowing before dawn. The line uses the oar for scenery, clear and natural: the hidden oar sounds set the departure in motion.
日出气象分,始知江湖阔。
The sun rising, the appearance of the scene, divided, only then, knowing the river and the lake, wide.
日出气象分,始知江湖阔。
As the sun rises, the air is revealed; only then I know how wide river and lake are.
此句写日出气象分,是全诗写日出之态的关键。「日出气象分」写日出气象分,「日出」写日出、「气象分」写气象分;「始知江湖阔」写始知江湖阔,「始知」写始知、「江湖阔」写江湖阔。一句写日出气象分始知江湖阔,以日出气象分写气象分、以始知江湖阔写江湖阔,写尽日出气象分、始知江湖阔之情。以日写景,清旷而自然,是「以日写景」的点睛之笔。
This line writes as the sun rises, the air is revealed, the key to the poem's sunrise state. As the sun rises: the morning light. The air is revealed: the world disclosed. Only then I know how wide river and lake are: the first understanding, the wide waters. One couplet writes the sunrise disclosing the scene and the sudden knowledge of the vast waters - Meng Haoran's turn: at dawn's first light the river's breadth becomes visible. The line uses the sun for scenery, clear and natural: the widening waters mirror the opening mind.
舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。
The boat going, from itself, without the boredom, moreover, meeting the clear scene, open and wide.
舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁。
Sailing of itself is no gloom; how much more when the clear scene opens.
结句写舟行自无闷,是全诗立意的落点。「舟行自无闷」写舟行自无闷,「舟行」写舟行、「自无闷」写自无闷;「况值晴景豁」写况值晴景豁,「况值」写况值、「晴景豁」写晴景豁。一句写舟行自无闷况值晴景豁,以舟行自无闷写自无闷、以况值晴景豁写晴景豁,写尽舟行自无闷、况值晴景豁之情。以景写情,清旷而自然,是全诗最动人处,也是「以景写情」的点睛之笔。
The closing line writes sailing of itself is no gloom, the poem's landing. Sailing: the boat's course. Of itself is no gloom: the natural ease. How much more when the clear scene opens: the bright day, the wide prospect. One couplet writes the boat's natural ease and the bright clear scene - Meng Haoran's resolution: sailing itself is enough, and the fair morning makes it perfect. The line uses scenery for feeling, clear and natural, the poem's most moving point: the wide river and the fair sky make the journey's ease complete.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
Su Shi's 'Prelude to Water Melody' — 'I wish to ride the wind, returning' — is the wide ease of the sky; Meng Haoran's 'Setting Out Early from the Yupu Pool' — 'the river and the lake, wide' — is the wide ease of the water — the two wide scenes of the ease, the one of the sky, the other of the water.
苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒」,写行旅感怀、清旷旷达,是宋词长调的名篇;孟浩然《早发渔浦潭》则以「舟行自无闷,况值晴景豁」「日出气象分,始知江湖阔」写晴景豁、江湖阔。两诗同写行旅感怀、清旷旷达:一写我欲乘风归去、以乘风写超然,一写舟行自无闷况值晴景豁、以晴景写行旅;一为苏轼之旷达、一为孟浩然之清旷,并读正可见诗写「行旅感怀」的两种笔法,皆于行旅之中见清旷。
八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain That Spatters the Long River 柳永 · 同写江湖凝望、清旷清丽,一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写卧闻渔浦口桡声暗相拨,皆于江湖之中见凝望 Both are the works of the river and the wide — the rain of the river of Liu Yong, the light of the pool of Meng Haoran — the two scenes of the wide water.Liu Yong's 'Eight Beats of Ganzhou' — 'the evening rain that spatters the long river' — is the wide scene of the rain; Meng Haoran's 'Setting Out Early from the Yupu Pool' — 'the river and the lake, wide' — is the wide scene of the light — the two scenes of the wide water, the one of the rain, the other of the light.
柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天,一番洗清秋」,写江湖凝望、清旷清丽,是宋词写羁旅的名篇;孟浩然《早发渔浦潭》则以「卧闻渔浦口,桡声暗相拨」「东旭早光芒,渚禽已惊聒」写渔浦口、渚禽惊聒。两诗同写江湖凝望、清旷清丽:一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋,一写卧闻渔浦口桡声暗相拨、以桡声写行旅;一为柳永之清丽、一为孟浩然之清旷,并读正可见诗写「江湖凝望」的两种笔法,皆于江湖之中见凝望。