唐 Tang · 诗 Poem
杂诗三首 三
The, Miscellaneous, Poems, Three, No. 3
闻道黄龙戍频年不解兵可怜闺里月长在汉家营少妇今春意良人昨夜情谁能将旗鼓一为取龙城
Having, heard, of, the, garrison, of, the, Yellow, Dragon,Year, after, year, the, soldiers, not, disbanded.
Pitiable, the, moon, in, the, boudoir,
Long, remaining, over, the, camp, of, the, Han.
The, young, wife, the, intention, of, this, spring,
The, husband, the, feeling, of, the, last, night.
Who, can, take, the, flags, and, the, drums,
One, time, capturing, the, Dragon, City.
Meaning
A poem of the frontier and the longing, written by Shen Quanqi. Having heard of the garrison of the Yellow Dragon, year after year the soldiers not disbanded — the frontier of the opening. Pitiable the moon in the boudoir, long remaining over the camp of the Han — the moon of the middle. The young wife the intention of this spring, the husband the feeling of the last night — the longing of the middle. And the close's who can take the flags and the drums, one time capturing the Dragon City — the close's wish. The poem is the frontier and the longing: the garrison, the moon, and the close's Dragon City.
听说黄龙戍，连年不撤兵。可怜闺中的明月，长照着汉家军营。少妇今春的心意，良人昨夜的深情。谁能率领旗鼓，一举夺取龙城。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] Having, heard, of, the, garrison, of, the, Yellow, Dragon, year, after, year, the, soldiers, not, disbanded. Pitiable, the, moon, in, the, boudoir, long, remaining, over, the, camp, of, the, Han. The, young, wife, the, intention, of, this, spring, the, husband, the, feeling, of, the, last, night. Who, can, take, the, flags, and, the, drums, one, time, capturing, the, Dragon, City. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the frontier of the Yellow Dragon and the not disbanded soldiers, through the moon of the boudoir and the camp with the longing of the wife and the husband, to the close's the wish of the Dragon City. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the wish: the young wife the intention of this spring, and the close's who can capture the Dragon City — the longing gathered in the moon and the close's wish. [Emotional Tone] Sorrowful, longing, and hoping: the poem is the garrison, the moon and the close's Dragon City.
【白话串讲】 沈佺期写《杂诗三首其三》：“闻道黄龙戍，频年不解兵”——“可怜闺里月，长在汉家营”——“少妇今春意，良人昨夜情”——“谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城”——他写征妇——可怜闺里月。 【意象与手法】 首联“闻道黄龙戍，频年不解兵”写边戍连年不撤兵的战事；颔联“可怜闺里月，长在汉家营”以闺月照营写思妇征人的共月相思；颈联“少妇今春意，良人昨夜情”以今春意、昨夜情写两地相思；尾联“谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城”以取龙城写平定边患的期盼。以月为纽带。 【情感与主旨】 沈佺期写征人思妇的相思与期盼，是初唐边塞诗的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“可怜闺里月，长在汉家营”以闺月照营写共月相思；“谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城”写平定边患的期盼。
Background
Shen Quanqi (c. 656-715), the poet of the early Tang, wrote this 'The, Miscellaneous, Poems, Three, No. 3' of the frontier and the longing — the sorrow of the soldier's wife. The garrison of the Yellow Dragon with the not disbanded soldiers, the moon of the boudoir and the camp, and the close's the wish of the Dragon City — the poem gathers the sorrow of the wife, the longing of the frontier. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the frontier.
此诗为初唐诗人沈佺期的《杂诗三首》其三之作，是初唐边塞诗写征人思妇的名篇。沈佺期（约656—约715），字云卿，相州内黄（今河南内黄）人，初唐诗人，与宋之问齐名，称「沈宋」，对近体诗格律的定型有重要贡献。其诗多写宫廷应制与边塞羁旅。此诗写征人思妇的相思与期盼：「闻道黄龙戍」，写听说黄龙戍——黄龙戍为唐代边塞戍所，在今辽宁开原一带，是东北边防的要地，「闻道」写听说、传闻；「频年不解兵」，写连年不撤兵——「频年」写连年，「不解兵」写不撤兵、不解甲，正是战事连年不绝；「可怜闺里月」，写可怜闺中的明月——「闺里月」写思妇闺中所见之月；「长在汉家营」，写长照着汉家军营——「汉家营」写唐军之营，闺月长照汉营，正是思妇征人共此明月的相思；「少妇今春意」，写少妇今春的心意——今春的心意，正是思念征人的春心；「良人昨夜情」，写良人昨夜的深情——昨夜的深情，正是征人思念妻子的夜情；「谁能将旗鼓」，写谁能率领旗鼓——「将旗鼓」写率领军队、执掌旗鼓；「一为取龙城」，写一举夺取龙城——龙城为匈奴祭天之处，汉将卫青曾奇袭龙城，取龙城写平定边患、凯旋而归。全诗以月为纽带，写尽征人思妇的相思与期盼，是初唐边塞诗「征人思妇」题材的代表作。
Art
The poem's art is the art of the longing. The frontier opens: having, heard, of, the, garrison, of, the, Yellow, Dragon — the garrison of the Yellow Dragon; year, after, year, the, soldiers, not, disbanded — the not disbanded soldiers. The moon follows: pitiable, the, moon, in, the, boudoir — the moon of the boudoir; long, remaining, over, the, camp, of, the, Han — the camp of the Han; the, young, wife, the, intention, of, this, spring — the young wife of the intention; the, husband, the, feeling, of, the, last, night — the husband of the feeling. And the close gathers the wish: who, can, take, the, flags, and, the, drums — the flags and the drums of the taking; one, time, capturing, the, Dragon, City — the Dragon City of the capturing — the frontier, the moon and the close's wish, gathered in the poem.
此诗艺术上以「以月系情」与「由怨入盼」为特色，在明月照营的相思中写尽征人思妇的期盼。首联「闻道黄龙戍，频年不解兵」，以「闻道」写听说边戍，以「频年不解兵」写战事连年不绝——「频年」「不解兵」，写边战之持久，正是相思的背景；颔联「可怜闺里月，长在汉家营」，以「闺里月」写思妇闺中之月，以「长在汉家营」写闺月长照汉营——「可怜」写明月之可叹，「长在」写闺月之长照，那同一轮明月，照着闺中思妇，也照着边塞征人，正是「以月系情」的相思；颈联「少妇今春意，良人昨夜情」，以「今春意」写少妇今春的心意，以「昨夜情」写良人昨夜的深情——「今春」「昨夜」，一写春心之思，一写夜情之念，正是两地相思的呼应；尾联「谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城」，以「谁能」写期盼良将，以「一为取龙城」写一举平定边患——那取龙城的期盼，正是征人思妇共同的愿望：平定边患，征人归来。全诗由频年战事写起，经闺月照营的相思、今春昨夜的两地情，而归于取龙城的期盼，由怨入盼，正是初唐边塞诗「征人思妇」题材的极致。
Allusions
'The Yellow Dragon' (Huang long) is the Yellow Dragon — the garrison of the Yellow Dragon, the frontier of the Tang; 'the camp of the Han' (Han ying) is the camp of the Han — the camp of the Han, the moon of the long remaining; 'the Dragon City' (Long cheng) is the Dragon City — the city of the dragon, the capturing of the close.
此诗用典皆围绕边塞与征人思妇展开。「黄龙戍」，写边塞戍所——黄龙为古代东北边地的关隘名，隋唐时在营州（今辽宁朝阳）一带，后以「黄龙戍」写东北边塞的戍所，「闻道黄龙戍」写听说边戍的传闻。「汉家营」，写唐军之营——唐人诗中多以「汉」指「唐」，如「汉家烟尘在东北」，以「汉家营」写唐军的军营，「长在汉家营」写闺月长照唐营。「龙城」，用「卫青袭龙城」之典——龙城为匈奴祭天之处，《史记·卫将军骠骑列传》记卫青「出上谷，击匈奴之龙城」，斩首虏数百，后以「袭龙城」写奇袭匈奴、平定边患；「一为取龙城」，写一举夺取龙城，正是平定边患、凯旋而归的期盼。「少妇今春意，良人昨夜情」，暗用「今春」「昨夜」的相思意象——少妇春心、良人夜情，正是两地相思的呼应，与「春闺」相思的传统相连。这些典故，或写黄龙戍、或写汉家营、或写龙城、或写今春昨夜，皆围绕边塞与征人思妇这一核心，织成一张含情的情网，正是初唐边塞诗「用典自然」的特点。
Commentary
This poem is one of the famous works of Shen Quanqi's poems of the frontier, quoted for the moon of its middle and the wish of its close. The moon in the boudoir over the camp of the Han, and the capturing of the Dragon City, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's longing: the frontier gathered in the moon, to the close's wish.
读此诗，最值得注意的是「可怜闺里月，长在汉家营」所写出的「以月系情」。那「闺里月」，本是思妇闺中所见的明月，却「长在汉家营」——同一轮明月，照着闺中思妇，也照着边塞征人。这一句，是全诗的关键：以明月为纽带，把相隔千里的思妇与征人，系于同一轮明月之下。那「可怜」二字，写明月之可叹——可叹那明月，本是闺中团圆之月，如今却长照汉营，照着征人独守边塞；可叹那思妇与征人，共此明月而不能相见，正如张若虚「此时相望不相闻，愿逐月华流照君」的相思。而「少妇今春意，良人昨夜情」，更以「今春」「昨夜」写两地相思的呼应——少妇今春的春心，是思念征人；良人昨夜的深情，是思念妻子。一春一夜、一妇一夫，正是两地相思的交织。至于尾联「谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城」，则从相思转入期盼：谁能率领旗鼓，一举夺取龙城，平定边患，让征人归来？那取龙城的期盼，正是相思的出路——不是「悔教夫婿觅封侯」的怨，而是「一为取龙城」的盼。全诗由频年战事，经闺月照营、今春昨夜的两地情，而归于取龙城的期盼，由怨入盼，正是初唐边塞诗「征人思妇」题材的特点。那同一轮明月下的相思，那取龙城的共同期盼，写尽征人思妇的心声，正是此诗传诵的原因。
Prosody
Line by line
可怜闺里月
Pitiful the moon in the chamber
可怜闺中的明月。
How pitiful the moon shining in her chamber.
这一句写思妇闺中的明月，是此诗以月系情的关键。「可怜」，写可叹、可爱——「可怜」二字，写明月之可叹，也写明月之可爱，正是对明月的深情；「闺里月」，写思妇闺中所见的明月——那明月，本是闺中团圆之月，如今却照着思妇独守空闺。以「闺里月」写相思，比直写「相思」更见含蓄与深情——那同一轮明月，照着闺中思妇，也照着边塞征人，「闺里月」正是相思的纽带；「可怜」二字，写明月之可叹——可叹那明月，本是团圆之月，如今却成了相思之月。这一句，是此诗以月系情的关键，与「长在汉家营」相连，一写闺中之月，一写汉营之月，正是思妇征人共此明月的相思。
This line writes the moon in the young wife's chamber, the key to the poem's linking-feeling-through-moon. Pitiful writes at once pity and loveliness - the moon's sighing charm and its tender beauty, precisely the deep feeling toward the moon. The moon in the chamber writes the moon seen from within the women's quarters - that moon was once the chamber's reunion moon, now shining on the wife alone in her empty chamber. Using the chamber moon to write longing is more reserved and deep than directly writing longing - that same moon shines on the chamber wife and on the frontier soldier; the chamber moon is precisely longing's bond. Pitiful writes the moon's sighing - sighing that this moon of reunion has become the moon of separation. This line is the key to the moon-linked feeling, connecting with the long in the Han camp: one writes the chamber moon, one the Han camp moon, precisely the wife and soldier sharing this moon's longing.
少妇今春意
the young wife's spring heart this year
少妇今春的心意。
the young wife's feeling this spring.
这一句写少妇今春的春心，是此诗两地相思的关键。「少妇」，写年轻的妇人——那新婚不久、夫婿远征的少妇，正是「不知亡国恨」的商女之外的另一类女性，是边塞诗写思妇的典型；「今春意」，写今春的心意——今春的心意，正是思念征人的春心，那春心，本是「春心莫共花争发」的相思。以「少妇今春意」写春心，比直写「思念」更见含蓄与深挚——那今春的春心，是随春草、春花一起生长的相思，正是「春闺」意象的相思；「今春」二字，写春心之随春而生，正是「闺中少妇不知愁，春日凝妆上翠楼」的春思。这一句，是此诗两地相思的关键，与「良人昨夜情」相对，一写今春之意，一写昨夜之情，正是少妇与良人两地相思的呼应。
This line writes the young wife's spring heart this year, the key to the poem's two-place longing. Young wife writes the young woman - the newlywed whose husband is far on the frontier, precisely the typical chamber wife in frontier poetry. This spring's feeling writes this spring's heart - this spring's heart is precisely the spring-thought of longing for the frontier husband, that spring heart precisely the longing of spring's heart not contesting with flowers. Using the young wife's spring heart to write spring-thought is more reserved and deep than directly writing missing - this spring's heart is the longing growing with spring grass and spring flowers, precisely the chamber image's longing. This spring writes the spring heart's birth with spring, precisely the chamber young wife who knows no sorrow, dressing in spring and climbing the green tower's spring thought. This line is the key to the two-place longing, set against the good man's last night's feeling: one writes this spring's feeling, one last night's feeling, precisely the wife and husband's two-place echoing longing.
谁能将旗鼓
who can lead the flags and drums
谁能率领旗鼓。
Who can lead the flags and drums
这一句写期盼良将平定边患，是此诗由相思转入期盼的枢纽。「谁能」，写谁能——那期盼的语气，写对良将的渴望，也写对边患的无奈；「将旗鼓」，写率领旗鼓——「将」写率领，「旗鼓」写军中的旗帜与战鼓，「将旗鼓」写率领军队、执掌旗鼓。以「谁能将旗鼓」写期盼，比直写「平定边患」更见含蓄与有力——那「谁能」的发问，正是对良将的渴望：谁能率领旗鼓，一举平定边患，让征人归来？「将旗鼓」三字，写军中统帅之权，正是平定边患的关键。这一句，是此诗由相思转入期盼的枢纽，也是「一为取龙城」的铺垫——那取龙城的期盼，正是相思的出路，也是征人思妇共同的愿望。
This line writes the hope for a good general to settle the border, the pivot from longing to expectation. Who can writes the questioning hope - the longing tone writes at once the desire for a good general and the helplessness over border trouble. Lead the flags and drums writes commanding the army's standards and war drums. Using who can lead the flags and drums to write expectation is more reserved and forceful than directly writing settle the border - that who can question is precisely the desire for a good general: who can lead the flags and drums, once for all end the border trouble, and let the soldiers return? Lead the flags and drums writes the army commander's authority, precisely the key to settling the border. This line is the pivot from longing to expectation, also preparing the once take Dragon City: that take-Dragon-City hope is precisely longing's outlet, also the shared wish of soldier and wife.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
王昌龄《闺怨》「闺中少妇不知愁，春日凝妆上翠楼。忽见陌头杨柳色，悔教夫婿觅封侯」，写少妇春闺的相思与悔怨，是盛唐闺怨诗的名篇；沈佺期此诗「可怜闺里月，长在汉家营」「少妇今春意，良人昨夜情」，同样写思妇征人的相思。一写「悔教夫婿觅封侯」的悔怨，一写「谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城」的期盼；王昌龄是盛唐的含蓄怨情，沈佺期是初唐的期盼深情。并读两作，可见「思妇」这一母题从初唐到盛唐的演变，也可见闺怨诗在怨与盼之间的两种情调。
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高适《燕歌行》「铁衣远戍辛勤久，玉箸应啼别离后。少妇城南欲断肠，征人蓟北空回首」，写边塞征戍的艰苦与思妇征人的相思，是盛唐边塞诗的名篇；沈佺期此诗「少妇今春意，良人昨夜情」「谁能将旗鼓，一为取龙城」，同样写思妇征人。一写「少妇城南欲断肠」的相思，一写「谁能将旗鼓」的期盼；高适是盛唐边塞的沉郁，沈佺期是初唐边塞的清朗。并读两作，可见边塞诗写征人思妇的传承，也可见「少妇」「征人」在初唐与盛唐诗人笔下的不同风貌。
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