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魏晋 Wei-Jin · 诗 Poem

杂诗

Miscellaneous Poem

曹丕

Cao Pi

离别/抒情Farewell/Lyric 忧愤/感时Melancholy/Reflection

西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖。
惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会。
吹我东南行，行行至吴会。
吴会非我乡，安得久留滞。
弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人。

In the northwest there is a floating cloud,
Tall and upright like a carriage canopy.
Alas, it meets not the time,
And just encounters the rushing wind.
It blows me southeastward,
On and on to Wu and Huai.
Wu and Huai are not my home,
How can I stay long?
Cast it aside and say no more,
A traveler always fears people.

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Meaning

A poem about a wanderer who, like a floating cloud, is blown by the whirlwind of fate to a distant land. The wanderer cannot stay in a place that is not his home, and the final line expresses the constant fear of a traveler in a strange land.

西北天边有一片浮云，孤高挺立如车盖一般。可惜它生不逢时，正与狂暴的飘风相遇。被吹着我向东南飘行，一路飘到了吴会之地。吴会并非我的故乡，怎能够长久滞留于此。抛开这些不必再陈说，作客他乡的人总是畏怯于人。

Appreciation

Cao Pi's 'Miscellaneous Poem' depicts a wanderer's journey and his fear of others while lodging in a strange land. Using the floating cloud as a metaphor, the poet conveys the pathos of displacement in a chaotic era. The language is clear and restrained, yet deeply somber, embodying the Jian'an style.

【白话串讲】 “西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”——曹丕写：西北有浮云，像车盖一样。“吹我东南行，行行至吴会”——风把他吹到东南。“吴会非我乡，安得久留滞”——这里不是我的家乡。“弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人”——游子总是怕见人。【意象与手法】起笔‘西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖’以孤云起兴，既写物象之高远，又暗喻游子孤身飘零【情感与主旨】曹丕《杂诗》共二首，此为其二，约作于汉末乱离、士人流转之际【名句点睛】本诗宜从‘比兴手法与游子主题’角度命题。考点一：分析‘浮云’‘飘风’的比兴内涵——以浮云自喻飘零、以飘风喻乱世摧逼

Background

This is the second of Cao Pi's two 'Miscellaneous Poems,' written during the turbulent transition from Han to Wei. Although not necessarily autobiographical, the poem speaks for wanderers displaced by war, reflecting the self-preserving fear of literati in chaotic times.

《杂诗》为三国曹丕所作，是写游子思乡的诗。曹丕（187—226），字子桓，谯人，三国魏文帝、文学家。此诗：西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖。惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会。吹我东南行，行行至吴会。吴会非我乡，安得久留滞？弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人。全诗以浮云为喻写游子思乡，是曹丕诗的名篇。

Art

The poem begins with the image of a floating cloud, establishing a dual metaphor for the wanderer. The language is concise and plain, yet carries deep melancholy. The final line 'A traveler always fears people' is understated but profoundly sad, typical of the Jian'an style's 'deep intent and long expression.'

《杂诗》艺术上以浮云的取喻与游子思乡的深婉见长。全诗十句，层层写来：前六句写浮云飘荡——“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”写西北浮云、亭亭如盖，“惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会”写时不遇、适与飘风会，“吹我东南行，行行至吴会”写吹我东南行、行行至吴会；后四句写游子思乡——“吴会非我乡，安得久留滞”写吴会非乡、安得久留，“弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人”写弃置勿复陈、客子畏人。全诗以浮云为喻写游子思乡，正是曹丕诗深婉的笔法。

Allusions

The poem uses classical allusions subtly: the 'floating cloud' recalls Han-dynasty mirror inscriptions and the 'Nineteen Old Poems'; 'whirlwind' (piaofeng) comes from the Book of Songs. 'Wu and Huai' refer to the regions of Wu and Kuai, common refuges in the late Han. The allusions are naturally woven into everyday language.

《杂诗》用典少而取喻自然。“西北有浮云”以浮云起兴；“亭亭如车盖”写浮云如车盖；“飘风”写旋风；“吴会”写吴郡、会稽之地。全诗以浮云为喻写游子思乡，不用深典而深婉自见，正是曹丕诗的笔法。

Commentary

Zhong Rong's 'Classified Poets' ranks Cao Pi as middle grade, praising his clear elegance. Later critics like Huang Jie and Chen Zuoming noted the poem's deep melancholy expressed in simple words, especially the final line capturing the wanderer's fear.

《杂诗》是曹丕诗的名篇，也是建安诗中写游子思乡的代表作。此诗以浮云为喻写游子思乡，向为论者称道。论者多赏其浮云的取喻与游子思乡的深婉——“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖。惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会”写浮云遇飘风、身不由己，深婉之极；“吴会非我乡，安得久留滞”写吴会非乡、安得久留，更见思乡之切。曹丕为建安诗人，其诗以深婉著称，此诗正是其代表——以浮云为喻写游子思乡，正是其诗风。

Prosody

Form Five-character verse (Jian'an style)五言古诗

Rhyme Ancient rhyme group (Gai, Hui, Hui, Zhi, Ren)《杂诗》为五言古诗，十句，押仄声韵。此诗用韵：盖、会（泰部）、滞（泰部）、人（真部）等，随段换韵，音节深婉。

Tone pattern Unknown (archaic pentasyllabic)五言古诗以音节深婉、情致苍凉见长。此诗以浮云为喻写游子思乡，音节深婉而苍凉。全诗以五言贯底，声调与游子思乡的内容相合，是曹丕诗中深婉苍凉的一路。

Reading note Begins with comparison, clear and distant, achieving the Jian'an spirit of deep intent and long expression.《杂诗》为三国曹丕所作，是写游子思乡的诗。此诗以“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”写浮云如盖，以“惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会”写身世飘零，以“吴会非我乡，安得久留滞”写思乡之切。以浮云为喻写游子思乡，正是曹丕诗的名篇。

Line by line

西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖。惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会。吹我东南行，行行至吴会。

In the northwest there are floating clouds, standing tall like a chariot canopy. Alas, they meet no timely hour; they chance upon a whirlwind. It blows me southeast, on and on, till I reach Wu and Kuaiji.

西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖。惜哉时不遇，适与旋风相遇。吹我向东南行，行行至于吴会。

Northwest, floating clouds stand tall like a carriage canopy. Alas, they meet no fitting time; they chance upon a whirlwind. It blows me southeast, on and on, until Wu and Kuaiji.

前六句写浮云飘荡、身不由己，是全诗游子思乡的起点。“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”写西北浮云——“西北有浮云”写西北有浮云，“亭亭如车盖”写亭亭如车盖——西北浮云，如盖亭亭；“惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会”写时不遇、适与飘风会——“惜哉时不遇”写惜哉时不遇，“适与飘风会”写恰与旋风相遇——时不遇，飘风会；“吹我东南行，行行至吴会”写吹我东南行——“吹我东南行”写吹我向东南行，“行行至吴会”写行行至于吴会——东南行，至吴会。六句写浮云飘荡：西北有浮云亭亭如车盖、惜哉时不遇适与飘风会，吹我东南行行行至吴会。以“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”以浮云起兴，以“惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会”写身世不遇、遇飘风而身不由己，以“吹我东南行，行行至吴会”写随风远飘、至于吴会，正是曹丕诗写游子思乡、身不由己的起点——如云飘荡，远至吴会。

These six lines open with floating clouds, the starting point of the wanderer's homesickness. Northwest, floating clouds stand tall like a carriage canopy uses clouds for bi-xing - the cloud is tall, upright, like a chariot canopy, before it is blown. Alas, they meet no fitting time; they chance upon a whirlwind writes the ill-timed meeting - the upright cloud encounters the whirlwind and is no longer its own. It blows me southeast, on and on, until Wu and Kuaiji writes the cloud's personification as the poet himself - blown southeast, far to Wu and Kuaiji. The cloud is the wanderer; the whirlwind is the times; the southeast drift is the exile. This is Cao Pi's wanderer poem opening - cloud drifting, far to Wu, body not his own.

吴会非我乡，安得久留滞？弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人。

Wu and Kuaiji are not my home; how could I linger long here? Cast it aside, speak no more; the traveler always fears men.

吴会非我之乡，安得久留滞？弃置勿复陈说，客子常畏人。

Wu and Kuaiji are not my home; how can I linger long? Cast it aside, speak no more; a traveler always fears others.

末四句写吴会非乡、客子畏人，是全诗游子思乡的归结。“吴会非我乡，安得久留滞”写吴会非乡——“吴会非我乡”写吴会非我之乡，“安得久留滞”写安得久留滞——吴会非乡，安得久留；“弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人”写客子畏人——“弃置勿复陈”写弃置不再陈说，“客子常畏人”写客子常畏人——弃置勿陈，客子畏人。四句写吴会非乡、客子畏人：吴会非我乡、安得久留滞，弃置勿复陈、客子常畏人。以“吴会非我乡，安得久留滞”写吴会非故乡、岂能久留，以“弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人”写弃置不谈、客子常畏人，正是曹丕诗写游子思乡的归结——思乡而畏人，其情深婉。

These four lines close the poem on the wanderer's fear of men, the resolution of the homesickness. Wu and Kuaiji are not my home; how can I linger long? states the non-home and the impossibility of staying. Cast it aside, speak no more: cast-aside writes the silence, the unspeakable grief. A traveler always fears others: the traveler's fear of men - the stranger's anxiety, the exile's self-consciousness. The closing is not a resolution but a silence: grief cannot be spoken, and the traveler lives in fear. This is the poem's resolution - homesickness coupled with fear, deep and graceful.

Study

Word focus

亭亭如车盖 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”之“亭亭如车盖”，写浮云如车盖，是全诗写浮云之貌的比喻词。“亭亭”写高耸直立，“如车盖”写如车盖——亭亭如车盖。这一词写浮云之状：不是散乱之云，而亭亭如盖；不是可留之云，而高悬如盖。以“西北有浮云，亭亭如车盖”写浮云如盖，正是曹丕诗以浮云起兴、写游子飘荡的笔法。

时不遇 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “惜哉时不遇”之“时不遇”，写生不逢时，是全诗写身世之慨的关键词。“时不遇”写时不逢遇——惜哉时不遇。这一词写身世之慨：不是顺遂之时，而时不遇；不是可安之遇，而生不逢时。以“惜哉时不遇，适与飘风会”写生不逢时、遇飘风而身不由己，正是曹丕诗写游子飘零之慨的笔法。

飘风 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “适与飘风会”之“飘风”，写旋风，是全诗写身不由己之力的关键词。“飘风”写旋风（飘风）——恰与旋风相遇。这一词写外力之强：不是和缓之风，而飘风；不是可御之势，而席卷之旋。以“适与飘风会”写身不由己、为飘风所吹，正是曹丕诗写游子飘荡、身不由己的笔法。

客子常畏人 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “客子常畏人”之“客子常畏人”，写客子常畏人，是全诗写游子之悲的归结词。“客子”写客居他乡之人，“畏人”写畏人（惧人）——客子常畏人。这一词写游子之悲：不是安居之人，而客子；不是可放之怀，而常畏于人。以“弃置勿复陈，客子常畏人”写弃置不谈、客子常畏人，正是曹丕诗写游子思乡之悲的归结。

杂诗