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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒

Coming, Down, the, Zhongnan, Mountain, Passing, the, Hermit, Husi, Lodging, and, Setting, Out, the, Wine

李白

Li Bai

山水Landscape 田园Pastoral life

暮从碧山下，山月随人归。
却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微。
相携及田家，童稚开荆扉。
绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣。
欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥。
长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀。
我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机。

In, the, evening, coming, down, from, the, green, mountain,
The, mountain, moon, following, the, man, returning.
Turning, back, to, look, at, the, path, from, which, I, came,
The, dark, and, dark, stretching, across, the, green, the, misty, blue.
Hand, in, hand, reaching, the, farmhouse,
The, children, opening, the, thorn, gate.
The, green, bamboos, entering, the, secluded, path,
The, green, creepers, brushing, the, traveling, clothes.
Joyfully, talking, having, found, the, resting, place,
The, fine, wine, for, a, while, together, raising.
Singing, the, long, song, intoning, the, wind, of, the, pines,
The, song, ended, the, river, stars, sparse.
I, drunk, and, you, again, glad,
Merrily, together, forgetting, the, scheming.

Listen

Meaning

A poem of the mountain and the drinking, written by Li Bai. In the evening coming down from the green mountain, the mountain moon following the man returning — the descent of the opening. Turning back to look at the path from which I came, the dark and dark stretching across the green the misty blue — the path of the middle. Hand in hand reaching the farmhouse, the children opening the thorn gate — the arrival of the middle. And the close's I drunk and you again glad, merrily together forgetting the scheming — the close's forgetting. The poem is the mountain and the drinking: the moon, the wine, and the close's forgetting.

暮从碧山下，山月随人归。却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微。相携及田家，童稚开荆扉。绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣。欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥。长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀。我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] In, the, evening, coming, down, from, the, green, mountain, the, mountain, moon, following, the, man, returning. Turning, back, to, look, at, the, path, from, which, I, came, the, dark, and, dark, stretching, across, the, green, the, misty, blue. Hand, in, hand, reaching, the, farmhouse, the, children, opening, the, thorn, gate. The, green, bamboos, entering, the, secluded, path, the, green, creepers, brushing, the, traveling, clothes. Joyfully, talking, having, found, the, resting, place, the, fine, wine, for, a, while, together, raising. Singing, the, long, song, intoning, the, wind, of, the, pines, the, song, ended, the, river, stars, sparse. I, drunk, and, you, again, glad, merrily, together, forgetting, the, scheming. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the descent of the mountain with the moon following, through the path with the farmhouse and the wine, to the close's the forgetting of the scheming. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the forgetting: joyfully talking having found the resting place, and the close's I drunk and you again glad merrily together forgetting the scheming — the drinking gathered in the joy and the close's forgetting. [Emotional Tone] Fresh, joyful, and free: the poem is the moon, the wine and the close's forgetting.

【白话串讲】李白写《下终南山过斛斯山人宿置酒》：“暮从碧山下，山月随人归”——“相携及田家，童稚开荆扉”——“绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣”——“欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥”——“我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机”——他下山到友人家喝酒。【意象与手法】此诗写田园，以友情写田园，是李白的名篇。前八句写归途：「暮从碧山下，山月随人归。却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微。相携及田家，童稚开荆扉。绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣」写暮从碧山下、山月随人归——写尽随人的山月；后四句写欢饮：「欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥。长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀。我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机」写欢言得所憩、美酒聊共挥——写尽共挥的美酒。全诗以友情写田园，写尽随人的山月与共挥的美酒，是李白的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写田园，以友情写田园，是李白的名篇。此诗为李白下终南山，路过斛斯山人（复姓斛斯的隐士）家置酒相待而作，写田园之乐与友人之情。李白与斛斯山人相善，暮自终南山下，至田家饮酒，陶然而乐。此诗写暮从碧山下，山月随人归；却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微；相携及田家，童稚开荆扉；绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣；欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥；长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀；我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机。此诗写归途：暮从碧山下，山月随人归——写暮从碧山下、山月随人归，写尽随人的山月；却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微——写却顾所来径、苍苍横翠微，写尽苍苍的翠微；相携及田家，童稚开荆扉——写相携及田家、童稚开荆扉，写尽童稚的荆扉；绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣——写绿竹入幽径、青萝拂行衣，写尽青萝的行衣；欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥——写欢言得所憩、美酒聊共挥，写尽共挥的美酒；长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀——写长歌吟松风、曲尽河星稀，写尽河星的曲尽；我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机——写我醉君复乐、陶然共忘机，写尽共忘的陶然。全诗以友情写田园——那「山月随人归」写尽随人的山月，「陶然共忘机」写尽共忘的陶然，写尽随人的山月与共挥的美酒，是理解李白田园诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「暮从碧山下，山月随人归」写随人的山月；「我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机」写共忘的陶然；以及全诗以友情写田园、以白描写归途的手法。

Background

Li Bai (701-762), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'Coming, Down, the, Zhongnan, Mountain' of the mountain and the drinking — the freedom of the hermit life. The moon following with the path, the farmhouse with the wine, and the close's the forgetting of the scheming — the poem gathers the freedom of the poet, the charm of the reclusion. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the mountains.

此诗写田园，以友情写田园，是李白的名篇。李白（701—762），字太白，号青莲居士，又号谪仙人，唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被誉为「诗仙」，与杜甫并称「李杜」。此诗为李白下终南山，路过斛斯山人（复姓斛斯的隐士）家置酒相待而作，写田园之乐与友人之情。李白与斛斯山人相善，暮自终南山下，至田家饮酒，陶然而乐。此诗写暮从碧山下，山月随人归；却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微；相携及田家，童稚开荆扉；绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣；欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥；长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀；我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机。此诗写归途：「暮从碧山下，山月随人归」写暮从碧山下、山月随人归——写尽随人的山月（暮从碧山下，山月随人归）；「却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微」写却顾所来径、苍苍横翠微——写尽苍苍的翠微（却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微）；「相携及田家，童稚开荆扉」写相携及田家、童稚开荆扉——写尽童稚的荆扉（相携及田家，童稚开荆扉）；「绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣」写绿竹入幽径、青萝拂行衣——写尽青萝的行衣（绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣）；「欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥」写欢言得所憩、美酒聊共挥——写尽共挥的美酒（欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥）；「长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀」写长歌吟松风、曲尽河星稀——写尽河星的曲尽（长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀）；「我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机」写我醉君复乐、陶然共忘机——写尽共忘的陶然（我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机）。全诗以友情写田园，写尽随人的山月与共挥的美酒，是理解李白田园诗的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the forgetting. The descent opens: in, the, evening, coming, down, from, the, green, mountain — the green mountain of the coming down; the, mountain, moon, following, the, man, returning — the mountain moon of the following. The arrival follows: turning, back, to, look, at, the, path, from, which, I, came — the path of the turning back; the, dark, and, dark, stretching, across, the, green, the, misty, blue — the misty blue of the dark and dark; hand, in, hand, reaching, the, farmhouse — the farmhouse of the hand in hand; the, children, opening, the, thorn, gate — the thorn gate of the children; the, green, bamboos, entering, the, secluded, path — the secluded path of the green bamboos; the, green, creepers, brushing, the, traveling, clothes — the traveling clothes of the green creepers; joyfully, talking, having, found, the, resting, place — the resting place of the joyfully talking; the, fine, wine, for, a, while, together, raising — the fine wine of the together raising; singing, the, long, song, intoning, the, wind, of, the, pines — the wind of the pines of the long song; the, song, ended, the, river, stars, sparse — the river stars of the song ended. And the close gathers the forgetting: I, drunk, and, you, again, glad — the glad of the drunk; merrily, together, forgetting, the, scheming — the forgetting of the scheming — the descent, the arrival and the close's forgetting, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以白描写归途。「暮从碧山下」以白描写归途——那「山月随人归」写尽随人的山月，以白描写尽随人的山月。其二，以细节写田家。「童稚开荆扉」以细节写田家——那「绿竹入幽径」写尽绿竹的幽径，以细节写尽童稚的荆扉。其三，以欢饮写友情。「美酒聊共挥」以欢饮写友情——那「共挥」写尽共挥的美酒，以欢饮写尽共挥的美酒。其四，以忘机写超然。「陶然共忘机」以忘机写超然——那「忘机」写尽共忘的机心，以忘机写尽共忘的陶然。此外，此诗前八句写随人的山月，后四句写共挥的美酒，由归及饮，正是田园诗「以饮写乐」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以友情写田园，写尽随人的山月与共挥的美酒，是李白的代表作。此诗还善于以「却顾所来径」的「却顾」写回望之留恋——那「却顾所来径」写尽来时的路径，正是以却写顾，以「却顾」写尽苍苍的翠微。又善以「长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀」的「曲尽」写歌尽之夜深——长歌吟松风而曲尽河星稀，正见夜深歌罢的写照，以「曲尽」写尽河星的曲尽。

Allusions

'The Zhongnan' (zhong nan) is the Zhongnan — the mountain of the Zhongnan, the coming down of the opening; 'the thorn gate' (jing fei) is the thorn gate — the gate of the thorn, the opening of the children; 'the wind of the pines' (song feng) is the wind of the pines — the wind of the pines, the intoning of the long song; 'the river stars' (he xing) are the river stars — the stars of the river, the sparse of the song ended.

此诗的用语深植于田园与友情传统。「碧山」令人想到「碧山」写碧山的意象——也令人想到「青山横北郭」的意象；「山月」令人想到「山月」写山月的意象——也令人想到「明月出天山」（李白）的意象；「翠微」令人想到「翠微」写翠微的意象——也令人想到「青山翠微」的意象；「荆扉」令人想到「荆扉」写柴门的意象——也令人想到「故人具鸡黍」（孟浩然）的意象；「青萝」令人想到「青萝」写青萝的意象——也令人想到「青萝袅袅」的意象；「忘机」令人想到「忘机」写忘机心的意象——《列子》鸥鹭忘机，也令人想到「鸥鹭忘机」的意象。全诗化用碧山、山月、翠微、荆扉、青萝、忘机的意象，以友情写田园，正是李白「豪放」而善白描、承田园传统写友情之本领。「荆扉」令人想到「荆扉」写柴门的意象——也令人想到「柴扉」的意象；「青萝」令人想到「青萝」写女萝的意象——也令人想到「松萝共倚」的意象，以青萝写幽径。「松风」令人想到「松风」写松风的意象——也令人想到「松风入琴」的意象，以松风写长歌。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Li Bai's poems of the mountains, quoted for the freshness of its descent and the freedom of its close. The mountain moon of the following, and the forgetting of the scheming, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's freedom: the drinking gathered in the joy, to the close's forgetting.

此诗历来被推为李白田园诗的名篇，也是唐诗写下山访友的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以友情写田园，清新俊逸」；近人更指出「我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机」写共忘的陶然，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以十六句的五古写尽随人的山月与共挥的美酒——那暮从，那碧山下，那山月，那随人归，那却顾，那所来径，那苍苍，那横翠微，那相携，那及田家，那童稚，那开荆扉，那绿竹，那入幽径，那青萝，那拂行衣，那欢言，那得所憩，那美酒，那聊共挥，那长歌，那吟松风，那曲尽，那河星稀，那我醉，那君复乐，那陶然，那共忘机，都写尽了李白笔下的下终南山；那「陶然共忘机」更以忘机写尽共忘的陶然。此诗与孟浩然《过故人庄》「故人具鸡黍」同为田园名篇，一写「开轩面场圃」的故人庄（过故人庄），一写「山月随人归」的终南（下终南山）；又与陶渊明《归园田居》的田园传统一脉相承，可见唐诗写田园访友的传统。对于今日读者，此诗是理解李白田园诗的窗口，也是唐诗写下山访友的经典——那随人的山月，穿越千年，仍在诉说着共忘的陶然。

Prosody

Form An old poem of the mountains (wu yan gu shi)诗·五言古诗

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the old poem that carries the free joy.五古，押「归」「微」「扉」「衣」「挥」「稀」「机」韵（上平五微），平韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the forgetting: the level opening with the descent, the turning with the drinking, and the close's fall with the forgetting.此诗为五言古诗，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节明快，正合田园的明快。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its freedom: the cadences of the old poem, and the close — 'tao ran gong wang ji' — falls with the scheming, the sound of the freedom of the mountain drinking.此诗为五言古诗，十六句——「暮从碧山下，山月随人归。却顾所来径，苍苍横翠微。相携及田家，童稚开荆扉。绿竹入幽径，青萝拂行衣。欢言得所憩，美酒聊共挥。长歌吟松风，曲尽河星稀。我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机」，押「微」韵（归、微、扉、衣、挥、稀、机），一韵到底，音节明快。全诗以友情写田园：前八句写随人的山月（暮从碧山下、青萝拂行衣），后四句写共挥的美酒（美酒聊共挥、陶然共忘机）。十六句短章，前写归途，后写欢饮，以「陶然共忘机」写尽共忘的陶然，正见李白「豪放」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以明快的语调读「山月随人归」的归途，以欢快的语调读「陶然共忘机」的欢饮，结句要读得明快而有余韵，方能传达出李白的清新俊逸。李白古诗以「豪放」著称，此诗正是其田园诗的典范。

Line by line

我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机

I am drunk, and you are glad; in our contentment we forget all scheming.

我醉君复乐，陶然共忘机。

I am drunk and you are happy; together, at ease, we forget the worldly cunning of the mind.

此二句是全诗写友情核心，以我醉君复乐写君复乐，以陶然共忘机写共忘机，写尽共忘的陶然，是千古名句。「我醉君复乐」写我醉君复乐——那「我醉」写我醉，「君复乐」写君复乐，写尽醉中的欢乐；「陶然共忘机」写陶然共忘机——那「陶然」写陶然，「共忘机」写共忘机，写尽共忘的机心。这句的深意在于：它以「我醉君复乐」的君复乐与「陶然共忘机」的共忘机，写尽共忘的陶然——我醉君复乐，那「我醉君复乐」写尽醉中的欢乐——我醉君复乐，正是我醉君乐的写照，那「君复乐」写尽共忘的陶然；陶然共忘机，那「陶然共忘机」写尽共忘的机心——陶然共忘机，正是陶然忘机的写照，那「共忘机」写尽共忘的陶然；那「我醉君复乐」写尽醉中的欢乐，那「陶然共忘机」写尽共忘的机心，一写我醉，一写忘机，写尽共忘的陶然——我醉君乐而陶然忘机，正是友情的写照；此二句以我醉、忘机写尽共忘的陶然，也让此二句成为全诗写友情核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我喝醉了你又高兴，陶然忘掉了世俗的机心」，则失其韵味；唯以「我醉君复乐」写君复乐、「陶然共忘机」写共忘机，写尽共忘的陶然，也让此二句成为全诗写友情核心。

These lines are the friendship heart of the poem, 'I drunk, you glad' against 'forget all scheming.' The mutual pleasure—one drunk, the other delighted—rises into 'forgetting' the calculating heart, that freedom from worldly design which is the highest friendship in Li Bai's verse. 'Contented' sets the soft, flushed mood; 'together' stresses that the forgetting is shared, not solitary. If stated as 'I got drunk and forgot my worries,' the flavor would be lost; only through the paired 'I drunk, you glad' and the forgetting of scheming does the ease of this mountain drinking companion come through.

暮从碧山下，山月随人归

At dusk I descend the green mountains; the mountain moon follows me home.

暮从碧山下，山月随人归。

At evening I come down from the green mountains; the mountain moon follows the traveler back.

此二句是全诗写归途的核心，以暮从碧山下写碧山下，以山月随人归写随人归，写尽随人的山月，是千古名句。「暮从碧山下」写暮从碧山下——那「暮从」写暮从，「碧山下」写碧山下，写尽暮归的碧山；「山月随人归」写山月随人归——那「山月」写山月，「随人归」写随人归，写尽随人的山月。这句的深意在于：它以「暮从碧山下」的碧山下与「山月随人归」的随人归，写尽随人的山月——暮从碧山下，那「暮从碧山下」写尽暮归的碧山——暮从碧山下，正是暮自山下的写照，那「碧山下」写尽随人的山月；山月随人归，那「山月随人归」写尽随人的山月——山月随人归，正是山月随行的写照，那「随人归」写尽随人的山月；那「暮从碧山下」写尽暮归的碧山，那「山月随人归」写尽随人的山月，一写碧山，一写山月，写尽随人的山月——暮归碧山而山月随行，正是归途的写照；此二句以碧山、山月写尽随人的山月，也为下文的田家作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写归途的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「傍晚从碧绿的山上下山，山月跟随着人回来」，则失其韵味；唯以「暮从碧山下」写碧山下、「山月随人归」写随人归，写尽随人的山月，也让此二句成为全诗写归途的核心。

These lines are the journey-home heart of the poem, descending the green hill at dusk and the moon following the man. 'Green mountains' gives the range its deep color; 'at dusk' fixes the hour. The wonder is 'the mountain moon follows me home'—the moon, personified as a companion, accompanies the descending traveler, a stroke of intimacy turning nature into a friend. Stillness and movement feed each other: the man descends, the moon keeps pace, preparing the way for the country homestead below. If stated as 'I came down the mountain at dusk with the moon,' the warmth would fade; only through 'follows me home' does the moon become a walking companion.

Study

Word focus

随 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「山月随人归」之「随」字是写归途的关键词，一个「随」字写尽随人的山月。随者，跟随、随行也。李白以「山月随人归」写归途，这个「随」字至少有双重意味：其一，写月之随——那「山月随人归」写山月随人归，那「随」字写尽随人的山月——随人归，正是随人而行的写照，那「随」字写尽随人的山月；其二，写情之亲——那「随」字更是写亲——随，正见山月相伴的亲切，那「随」字写尽李白的友情。以「随」字写归途，正是李白写田园的枢纽——若换作「伴」「从」等字，则或失其与「山月」「人归」的配合，或失其写随的意味；唯「随」字，以山月随人归写尽山月之随行与相伴之亲切，与「暮从碧山下」的碧山相合，写尽随人的山月，也让「山月随人归」成为全诗写归途的名句。

忘 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「陶然共忘机」之「忘」字是写友情核心的关键词，一个「忘」字写尽共忘的机心。忘者，忘却、忘掉也。李白以「陶然共忘机」写友情，这个「忘」字至少有双重意味：其一，写机之忘——那「陶然共忘机」写陶然共忘机，那「忘」字写尽共忘的机心——共忘机，正是同忘机心的写照，那「忘」字写尽共忘的陶然；其二，写情之真——那「忘」字更是写真——忘，正见忘机相得的真挚，那「忘」字写尽李白的友情。以「忘」字写友情，正是李白写田园的枢纽——若换作「弃」「释」等字，则或失其与「陶然共」「机」的配合，或失其写忘的意味；唯「忘」字，以陶然共忘机写尽机心之共忘与忘机之相得，与「我醉君复乐」的欢乐相合，写尽共忘的陶然，也让「陶然共忘机」成为全诗写友情的名句。