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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

西江月·示儿曹以家事付之

The, Moon, over, the, West, River: Showing, the, Children, the, Family, Affairs, Entrusting, Them

辛弃疾

Xin Qiji

家事Theme 旷达Theme

万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰。
而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡。
早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支。
乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水。

The, ten, thousand, affairs, passing, like, the, clouds, and, the, smoke,
The, one, body, of, the, willow, and, the, catkins, first, to, decay.
Now, of, the, present, what, is, the, most, fitting,
Fitting, to, drink, fitting, to, roam, fitting, to, sleep.
Early, to, avail, of, the, collection, of, the, taxes, being, paid,
Moreover, to, calculate, the, income, and, the, expenditure, of, the, household.
The, old, father, still, manages, a, little, of, these,
Managing, the, bamboos, managing, the, mountains, managing, the, waters.

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Meaning

A poem of the household and the ease, written by Xin Qiji. The ten thousand affairs passing like the clouds and the smoke, the one body of the willow and the catkins first to decay — the passing of the opening. Now of the present what is the most fitting, fitting to drink fitting to roam fitting to sleep — the ease of the middle. Early to avail of the collection of the taxes being paid, moreover to calculate the income and the expenditure of the household — the household of the middle. And the close's the old father still manages a little of these, managing the bamboos managing the mountains managing the waters — the close's managing. The poem is the household and the ease: the passing, the fitting, and the close's managing.

万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰。而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡。早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支。乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, ten, thousand, affairs, passing, like, the, clouds, and, the, smoke, the, one, body, of, the, willow, and, the, catkins, first, to, decay. Now, of, the, present, what, is, the, most, fitting, fitting, to, drink, fitting, to, roam, fitting, to, sleep. Early, to, avail, of, the, collection, of, the, taxes, being, paid, moreover, to, calculate, the, income, and, the, expenditure, of, the, household. The, old, father, still, manages, a, little, of, these, managing, the, bamboos, managing, the, mountains, managing, the, waters. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the passing of the ten thousand affairs with the decay of the one body, through the fitting of the drink and the roam, to the close's the managing of the old father. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the managing: the old father still manages a little of these, and the close's managing the bamboos managing the mountains managing the waters — the household gathered in the ease and the close's managing. [Emotional Tone] Passing, easy, and affectionate: the poem is the clouds, the fitting and the close's managing.

【白话串讲】辛弃疾写《西江月·示儿曹以家事付之》：“万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰”——“而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡”——“早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支”——“乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水”——他把家事交给儿子——自己只管竹山山水。【意象与手法】此词写闲适，以达观写闲适，是辛弃疾的名篇。上片写衰闲：「万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰。而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡」写万事云烟忽过、一身蒲柳先衰、宜醉宜游宜睡——写尽晚年的闲适；下片写付事：「早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支。乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水」写早趁催科了纳、更量出入收支、管竹管山管水——写尽付事的达观。全词以达观写闲适，写尽晚年的闲适与付事的达观，是辛弃疾的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写闲适，以达观写闲适，是辛弃疾的名篇。此词为辛弃疾晚年将家事交付儿辈时所作。辛弃疾晚年闲居，感万事如云烟、一身如蒲柳，遂将家事托付儿曹，自任醉游睡与管竹管山管水之乐。此词写衰闲：万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰——写万事云烟忽过、一身蒲柳先衰，写尽晚年的衰闲；而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡——写而今何事最相宜、宜醉宜游宜睡，写尽晚年的闲适；早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支——写早趁催科了纳、更量出入收支，写尽付事的叮嘱；乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水——写乃翁依旧管些儿、管竹管山管水，写尽付事的达观。全词以达观写闲适——那「宜醉宜游宜睡」写尽晚年的闲适，「管竹管山管水」写尽付事的达观，写尽晚年的闲适与付事的达观，是理解辛弃疾晚年词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰」写晚年的衰闲；「宜醉宜游宜睡」「管竹管山管水」写晚年的闲适；以及全词以达观写闲适、以叠语写闲情的手法。

Background

Xin Qiji (1140-1207), the great poet of the Southern Song, wrote this 'The, Moon, over, the, West, River: Showing, the, Children' of the household and the ease — the entrusting of the family affairs to the children. The passing of the ten thousand affairs with the decay of the one body, the fitting of the ease, and the close's the managing of the bamboos and the mountains — the poem gathers the ease of the poet, the affection of the old age. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the old age.

此词写闲适，以达观写闲适，是辛弃疾的名篇。辛弃疾（1140—1207），字幼安，号稼轩，历城（今山东济南）人，南宋词人，与苏轼并称「苏辛」，为豪放词派代表。此词为辛弃疾晚年将家事交付儿辈时所作。辛弃疾晚年闲居，感万事如云烟、一身如蒲柳，遂将家事托付儿曹，自任醉游睡与管竹管山管水之乐。此词写衰闲：「万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰」写万事云烟忽过、一身蒲柳先衰——写尽晚年的衰闲（万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰）；「而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡」写而今何事最相宜、宜醉宜游宜睡——写尽晚年的闲适（而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡）；「早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支」写早趁催科了纳、更量出入收支——写尽付事的叮嘱（早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支）；「乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水」写乃翁依旧管些儿、管竹管山管水——写尽付事的达观（乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水）。全词以达观写闲适，写尽晚年的闲适与付事的达观，是理解辛弃疾晚年词的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the ease. The passing opens: the, ten, thousand, affairs, passing, like, the, clouds, and, the, smoke — the clouds and the smoke of the ten thousand affairs; the, one, body, of, the, willow, and, the, catkins, first, to, decay — the willow and the catkins of the one body. The ease follows: now, of, the, present, what, is, the, most, fitting — the fitting of the present; fitting, to, drink, fitting, to, roam, fitting, to, sleep — the drink and the roam of the fitting; early, to, avail, of, the, collection, of, the, taxes, being, paid — the taxes of the collection; moreover, to, calculate, the, income, and, the, expenditure, of, the, household — the income and the expenditure of the household. And the close gathers the managing: the, old, father, still, manages, a, little, of, these — the little of the managing; managing, the, bamboos, managing, the, mountains, managing, the, waters — the bamboos and the mountains of the managing — the passing, the ease and the close's managing, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以比喻写衰闲。「万事云烟忽过」以比喻写衰闲——那「云烟」写尽万事的如烟，以比喻写尽晚年的衰闲。其二，以对照写衰闲。「一身蒲柳先衰」以对照写衰闲——那「蒲柳先衰」写尽身体的早衰，以对照写尽晚年的衰闲。其三，以叠语写闲适。「宜醉宜游宜睡」以叠语写闲适——那「宜醉」「宜游」「宜睡」写尽三宜的闲适，以叠语写尽晚年的闲适。其四，以直抒写达观。「管竹管山管水」以直抒写达观——那「管竹」「管山」「管水」写尽三管的达观，以直抒写尽付事的达观。此外，此词上片写晚年的闲适，下片写付事的达观，由闲及乐，正是闲适词「以乐写闲」的写法。四重手法，使此词以达观写闲适，写尽晚年的闲适与付事的达观，是辛弃疾的代表作。此词还善于以「云烟」的比喻写万事之过眼——那「万事云烟忽过」写万事如云烟般忽过，正是以虚写实的写法，一个「忽」字写尽光阴之速。又善以「早趁催科了纳」的叮嘱写达观中的周到——虽付家事，仍不忘叮嘱了纳收支，正是于旷达中见其周详，使词更见生活气息。

Allusions

'The willow and the catkins' (pu liu) are the willow and the catkins — the willow of the Pu, the decay of the opening; 'the collection of the taxes' (cui ke) is the collection of the taxes — the collection of the taxes, the payment of the middle; 'the income and the expenditure' (chu ru zhi xiao) are the income and the expenditure — the expenditure of the income, the calculating of the middle.

此词的用语深植于闲适与达观传统。「云烟」令人想到「云烟」写过眼云烟的意象——也令人想到「过眼云烟」的成语；「蒲柳」令人想到「蒲柳」用蒲柳之姿之典——《世说新语》顾悦谓「蒲柳之姿，望秋先落」，也令人想到「蒲柳先衰」的意象；「催科」令人想到「催科」写催税的意象——也令人想到「国课」的意象；「了纳」令人想到「了纳」写完税的意象——也令人想到「交纳赋税」的意象；「管竹管山管水」令人想到「管」写管领的意象——也令人想到「管领东风」（苏轼）的意象。全词化用云烟、蒲柳、催科、管竹管山管水的意象典故，以达观写闲适，正是辛弃疾「豪放」之外亦见达观、承闲适传统写晚年之本领。「蒲柳」典出《世说新语·言语》——顾悦与简文帝同年而发早白，简文帝问之，答「蒲柳之姿，望秋先落；松柏之质，经霜弥茂」。辛弃疾以「一身蒲柳先衰」写身体早衰，正用此典，而「先衰」二字更见其自嘲中的达观。又「管竹管山管水」令人想到苏轼《水调歌头》「我欲乘风归去」之外的「管领溪山」之意，也令人想到「吏隐」之说——以山水为务而忘机，正是中国士人「大隐隐于市」的另一种境界。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Xin Qiji's poems of the old age, quoted for the ease of its middle and the affection of its close. The fitting of the drink and the roam, and the managing of the mountains, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's ease: the household gathered in the fitting, to the close's managing.

此词历来被推为辛弃疾晚年词的名篇，也是宋词写闲适达观的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以达观写闲适，旷达超然」；近人更指出「宜醉宜游宜睡」「管竹管山管水」写晚年的闲适，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以双调的西江月写尽晚年的闲适与付事的达观——那万事，那云烟，那一身，那蒲柳，那先衰，那宜醉，那宜游，那宜睡，那催科，那了纳，那出入，那收支，那乃翁，那管竹，那管山，那管水，都写尽了辛弃疾笔下的示儿曹；那「管竹管山管水」更以直抒写尽付事的达观。此词与辛弃疾《清平乐·村居》（「茅檐低小」）同为闲居名篇，一写「最喜小儿无赖」的村居（清平乐），一写「管竹管山管水」的付事（西江月）；又与苏轼「一蓑烟雨任平生」的达观传统一脉相承，可见中国词写闲适的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解辛弃疾晚年词的窗口，也是中国词写达观的经典——那管山管水的乃翁，穿越千年，仍在诉说着晚年的闲适。

Prosody

Form A ci of the tune of the Moon, over, the, West, River (xijiangyue)词·西江月

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the easy affection.上片押「衰」「睡」，下片押「支」「水」，平仄换韵，音节洒脱

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the ease: the level opening with the passing, the turning with the fitting, and the close's fall with the managing.此词为西江月词牌，上片押仄韵、下片押平韵，平仄换韵，音节洒脱，正合闲适的洒脱。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its ease: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'guan zhu guan shan guan shui' — falls with the waters, the sound of the ease of the old father.此词为《西江月》双调，上片四句、下片四句——「万事云烟忽过，一身蒲柳先衰。而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡。早趁催科了纳，更量出入收支。乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水」，上片押仄韵（衰、睡），下片押平韵（支、水），平仄换韵，音节洒脱。全词以达观写闲适：上片写晚年的闲适（万事云烟忽过、宜醉宜游宜睡），下片写付事的达观（早趁催科了纳、管竹管山管水）。双调短章，上写衰闲，下写付事，以「管竹管山管水」写尽付事的达观，正见辛弃疾「豪放」而能达观的本色。诵读此词，宜以洒脱的语调读「宜醉宜游宜睡」的闲适，以旷达的语调读「管竹管山管水」的达观，结句要读得洒脱而有余韵，方能传达出辛弃疾的旷达超然。辛弃疾词以「豪放」著称，此词正是其晚年闲适词的典范。

Line by line

而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡

Now, what suits me best? Fit for drinking, fit for roaming, fit for sleep.

而今何事最相宜，宜醉宜游宜睡。

What best suits me these days? I am fit to drink, fit to wander, fit to sleep.

此二句是全词写闲适的核心，以而今何事最相宜写相宜，以宜醉宜游宜睡写三宜，写尽晚年的闲适，是千古名句。「而今何事最相宜」写而今何事最相宜——那「而今何事」写而今何事，「最相宜」写最相宜，写尽如今的相宜；「宜醉宜游宜睡」写宜醉宜游宜睡——那「宜醉」写宜醉，「宜游宜睡」写宜游宜睡，写尽三宜的闲适。这句的深意在于：它以「而今何事最相宜」的相宜与「宜醉宜游宜睡」的三宜，写尽晚年的闲适——而今何事最相宜，那「而今何事最相宜」写尽如今的相宜——而今何事最相宜，正是晚年自问的写照，那「最相宜」写尽晚年的闲适；宜醉宜游宜睡，那「宜醉宜游宜睡」写尽三宜的闲适——宜醉宜游宜睡，正是三宜的闲适，那「宜醉宜游宜睡」写尽晚年的闲适；那「而今何事最相宜」写尽如今的相宜，那「宜醉宜游宜睡」写尽三宜的闲适，一写相宜，一写三宜，写尽晚年的闲适——何事相宜而醉游睡，正是晚年自适的写照；此二句以相宜、三宜写尽晚年的闲适，也为下文的付事作铺垫，也让此二句成为全词写闲适的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我现在只想享福」，则失其洒脱；唯以「而今何事最相宜」写相宜、「宜醉宜游宜睡」写三宜，写尽晚年的闲适，也让此二句成为全词写闲适的核心。

These lines are the leisured heart of the ci, asking what now suits and answering 'drink, roam, sleep.' The self-questioning, 'what suits me now,' opens the late-life ease; the triple 'fit for'—drunk, roaming, sleeping—lists the three pleasures of a man who has handed affairs to his sons. The repetition is at once playful and relieved. If stated as 'now I only want to enjoy myself,' the nonchalance would fade; only through the three 'fit for' does the old man's easy freedom take shape.

乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水

Your old father still manages a thing or two—manages the bamboos, the hills, the streams.

乃翁依旧管些儿，管竹管山管水。

Your old father still keeps a small charge: he manages the bamboos, the hills, and the waters.

此二句是全词写达观的核心，以乃翁依旧管些儿写管些儿，以管竹管山管水写三管，写尽付事的达观，是千古名句。「乃翁依旧管些儿」写乃翁依旧管些儿——那「乃翁」写乃翁，「依旧管些儿」写依旧管些儿，写尽乃翁的管事；「管竹管山管水」写管竹管山管水——那「管竹」写管竹，「管山管水」写管山管水，写尽三管的达观。这句的深意在于：它以「乃翁依旧管些儿」的管些儿与「管竹管山管水」的三管，写尽付事的达观——乃翁依旧管些儿，那「乃翁依旧管些儿」写尽乃翁的管事——乃翁依旧管些儿，正是自任的写照，那「依旧」写尽晚年的达观；管竹管山管水，那「管竹管山管水」写尽三管的达观——管竹管山管水，正是管领山水的写照，那「管山管水」写尽付事的达观；那「乃翁依旧管些儿」写尽乃翁的管事，那「管竹管山管水」写尽三管的达观，一写管事，一写三管，写尽付事的达观——家事付儿而自管山水，正是晚年自适的写照；此二句以管些儿、三管写尽付事的达观，也让此二句成为全词写达观的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「家务交给孩子，我自己玩去」，则失其雅趣；唯以「乃翁依旧管些儿」写管些儿、「管竹管山管水」写三管，写尽付事的达观，也让此二句成为全词写达观的核心。

These lines are the philosophic heart of handing over affairs, the father still 'managing' bamboos, hills, streams. Having left family business to the sons, the poet keeps 'a thing or two' to manage—the bamboos, the hills, the waters. The pun on 'manage' is the delight: where one expected the state or the household, he claims only the landscape. The triple 'manage' answers the previous triple 'fit for,' closing the ci in self-amused freedom. If stated as 'I leave the house to the children and go enjoy myself,' the elegance would vanish; only through 'manage the bamboos, hills, waters' does the retirement become a governorship of nature.

Study

Word focus

宜 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「宜醉宜游宜睡」之「宜」字是写闲适的关键词，一个「宜」字写尽三宜的闲适。宜者，适宜、合宜也。辛弃疾以「宜醉宜游宜睡」写闲适，这个「宜」字至少有双重意味：其一，写事之宜——那「宜醉宜游宜睡」写宜醉宜游宜睡，那「宜」字写尽醉游睡的相宜——宜醉宜游宜睡，正是三宜的写照，那「宜」字写尽晚年的闲适；其二，写心之乐——那「宜」字更是写乐——宜，正见心境的安适，那「宜」字写尽晚年的达观。以「宜」字写闲适，正是辛弃疾写晚年的枢纽——若换作「合」「当」等字，则或失其与「醉游睡」的配合，或失其写宜的意味；唯「宜」字，以宜醉宜游宜睡写尽醉游睡的相宜与心境的安适，与「管竹管山管水」的管相合，写尽晚年的闲适，也让「宜醉宜游宜睡」成为全词写闲适的名句。

管 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「管竹管山管水」之「管」字是写达观的关键词，一个「管」字写尽三管的达观。管者，管领、管理也。辛弃疾以「管竹管山管水」写达观，这个「管」字至少有双重意味：其一，写物之管——那「管竹管山管水」写管竹管山管水，那「管」字写尽山水的管领——管竹管山管水，正是管领山水的写照，那「管」字写尽付事的达观；其二，写情之乐——那「管」字更是写乐——管，正见管领之乐，那「管」字写尽晚年的闲适。以「管」字写达观，正是辛弃疾写晚年的枢纽——若换作「领」「理」等字，则或失其与「竹山」「水」的配合，或失其写管的意味；唯「管」字，以管竹管山管水写尽山水的管领与管领之乐，与「宜醉宜游宜睡」的宜相合，写尽付事的达观，也让「管竹管山管水」成为全词写达观的名句。