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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

丑奴儿近·博山道中效李易安体

The, Ugly, Slave, Boy, Near: On, the, Road, of, the, Boshan, Imitating, the, Style, of, the, Li, Yi'an

辛弃疾

Xin Qiji

山水Landscape 闲适Leisure

千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价。
更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画。
青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏。
午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒。
野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇。
却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下。
旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话。

The, thousand, peaks, the, clouds, rising,
The, sudden, rain, a, little, while, of, a, time.
Moreover, the, distant, trees, the, setting, sun,
The, scenery, how, can, it, be, painted, in, the, picture.
The, green, flag, selling, the, wine,
On, the, other, side, of, the, mountain, there, is, another, world,
Only, need, in, the, light, of, the, mountains, and, the, waters,
Without, the, affairs, to, pass, this, summer.
The, noon, drunk, waking, up,
The, pine, windows, the, bamboo, doors,
The, ten, thousand, kinds, of, the, ease.
The, wild, birds, flying, coming,
Again, a, kind, of, the, leisure.
Yet, wondering, the, white, gull,
Looking, at, the, man, about, to, come, down, yet, not, coming, down.
The, old, alliance, all, there,
The, newly, come, could, it, be,
Having, another, something, to, say.

Listen

Meaning

A poem of the mountain and the leisure, written by Xin Qiji. The thousand peaks the clouds rising, the sudden rain a little while of a time — the mountain of the opening. Moreover the distant trees the setting sun, the scenery how can it be painted in the picture — the scenery of the middle. The green flag selling the wine, on the other side of the mountain there is another world, only need in the light of the mountains and the waters, without the affairs to pass this summer — the world of the middle. And the close's the old alliance all there, the newly come could it be, having another something to say — the close's wondering. The poem is the mountain and the leisure: the peaks, the wine, and the close's gull.

千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价。更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画。青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏。午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒。野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇。却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下。旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, thousand, peaks, the, clouds, rising, the, sudden, rain, a, little, while, of, a, time. Moreover, the, distant, trees, the, setting, sun, the, scenery, how, can, it, be, painted, in, the, picture. The, green, flag, selling, the, wine, on, the, other, side, of, the, mountain, there, is, another, world, only, need, in, the, light, of, the, mountains, and, the, waters, without, the, affairs, to, pass, this, summer. The, noon, drunk, waking, up, the, pine, windows, the, bamboo, doors, the, ten, thousand, kinds, of, the, ease. The, wild, birds, flying, coming, again, a, kind, of, the, leisure. Yet, wondering, the, white, gull, looking, at, the, man, about, to, come, down, yet, not, coming, down. The, old, alliance, all, there, the, newly, come, could, it, be, having, another, something, to, say. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the mountain of the thousand peaks with the clouds rising, through the world of the green flag and the summer, to the close's the wondering of the white gull. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the wondering: the old alliance all there, and the close's the newly come could it be having another something to say — the leisure gathered in the alliance and the close's wondering. [Emotional Tone] Fresh, easy, and wondering: the poem is the peaks, the wine and the close's gull.

【白话串讲】辛弃疾写《丑奴儿近·博山道中效李易安体》：“千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价”——“青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏”——“午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒”——“却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下”——他学李清照体写博山夏日。【意象与手法】此词写闲适，以山水写闲适，是辛弃疾的名篇。上阕写博山道中：「千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价。更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画。青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏」写千峰云起、骤雨一霎儿价——写尽千峰云起的骤雨；下阕写醉醒：「午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒。野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇。却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下。旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话」写午醉醒时、松窗竹户、万千潇洒——写尽松窗竹户的潇洒。全词以山水写闲适，写尽千峰云起的骤雨与松窗竹户的潇洒，是辛弃疾的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写闲适，以山水写闲适，是辛弃疾的名篇。此词为辛弃疾居博山（今江西广丰）时作，写其博山道中行旅所见与闲适之情。辛弃疾退居带湖，此词写其效李易安体的闲适。此词写千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价；更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画；青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏；午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒；野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇；却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下；旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话。此词写博山道中：千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价——写千峰云起、骤雨一霎儿价，写尽千峰云起的骤雨；更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画——写更远树斜阳、风景怎生图画，写尽风景怎生图画的斜阳；青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏——写青旗卖酒、山那畔、别有人间、只消山水光中、无事过这一夏，写尽只消山水光中的一夏；午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒——写午醉醒时、松窗竹户、万千潇洒，写尽松窗竹户的潇洒；野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇——写野鸟飞来、又是一般闲暇，写尽又是一般闲暇的野鸟；却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下——写却怪白鸥、觑着人、欲下未下，写尽欲下未下的白鸥；旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话——写旧盟都在、新来莫是、别有说话，写尽新来莫是的别有说话。全词以山水写闲适——那「千峰云起」写尽千峰云起的骤雨，「新来莫是，别有说话」写尽新来莫是的别有说话，写尽千峰云起的骤雨与松窗竹户的潇洒，是理解辛弃疾闲适词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价」写千峰云起的骤雨；「旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话」写新来莫是的别有说话；以及全词以山水写闲适、以口语写闲适的手法。

Background

Xin Qiji (1140-1207), the great poet of the Southern Song, wrote this 'The, Ugly, Slave, Boy, Near: On, the, Road, of, the, Boshan' of the mountain and the leisure — the ease of the summer in the mountains. The thousand peaks with the clouds rising, the world of the green flag, and the close's the wondering of the white gull — the poem gathers the ease of the poet, the imitation of the Li Yi'an. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the nature.

此词写闲适，以山水写闲适，是辛弃疾的名篇。辛弃疾（1140—1207），字幼安，号稼轩，历城（今山东济南）人，南宋豪放派词人，与苏轼并称「苏辛」，与李清照并称「济南二安」。此词为辛弃疾居博山（今江西广丰）时作，写其博山道中行旅所见与闲适之情。辛弃疾退居带湖，此词写其效李易安体的闲适。此词写千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价；更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画；青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏；午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒；野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇；却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下；旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话。此词写博山道中：「千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价」写千峰云起、骤雨一霎儿价——写尽千峰云起的骤雨（千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价）；「更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画」写更远树斜阳、风景怎生图画——写尽风景怎生图画的斜阳（更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画）；「青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏」写青旗卖酒、山那畔、别有人间、只消山水光中、无事过这一夏——写尽只消山水光中的一夏（青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏）；「午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒」写午醉醒时、松窗竹户、万千潇洒——写尽松窗竹户的潇洒（午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒）；「野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇」写野鸟飞来、又是一般闲暇——写尽又是一般闲暇的野鸟（野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇）；「却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下」写却怪白鸥、觑着人、欲下未下——写尽欲下未下的白鸥（却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下）；「旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话」写旧盟都在、新来莫是、别有说话——写尽新来莫是的别有说话（旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话）。全词以山水写闲适，写尽千峰云起的骤雨与松窗竹户的潇洒，是理解辛弃疾闲适词的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the wondering. The mountain opens: the, thousand, peaks, the, clouds, rising — the thousand peaks of the clouds rising; the, sudden, rain, a, little, while, of, a, time — the sudden rain of the little while. The world follows: moreover, the, distant, trees, the, setting, sun — the distant trees of the setting sun; the, scenery, how, can, it, be, painted, in, the, picture — the scenery of the painted; the, green, flag, selling, the, wine — the green flag of the wine; on, the, other, side, of, the, mountain, there, is, another, world — the other world of the mountain; only, need, in, the, light, of, the, mountains, and, the, waters — the light of the mountains and the waters; without, the, affairs, to, pass, this, summer — the summer of the without the affairs; the, noon, drunk, waking, up — the waking of the noon drunk; the, pine, windows, the, bamboo, doors — the pine windows of the bamboo doors; the, ten, thousand, kinds, of, the, ease — the ease of the ten thousand kinds; the, wild, birds, flying, coming — the wild birds of the flying; again, a, kind, of, the, leisure — the leisure of the kind. And the close gathers the wondering: yet, wondering, the, white, gull — the white gull of the wondering; looking, at, the, man, about, to, come, down, yet, not, coming, down — the man of the about to come down; the, old, alliance, all, there — the old alliance of the all there; the, newly, come, could, it, be — the newly come of the could it be; having, another, something, to, say — the something of the to say — the mountain, the world and the close's wondering, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以白描写云雨。「千峰云起」以白描写云雨——那「骤雨一霎儿价」写尽骤雨一霎的价，以白描写尽千峰云起的骤雨。其二，以口语写闲适。「风景怎生图画」以口语写闲适——那「只消山水光中」写尽只消山水光中的一夏，以口语写尽只消山水光中的一夏。其三，以细节写鸥盟。「却怪白鸥」以细节写鸥盟——那「觑着人、欲下未下」写尽欲下未下的白鸥，以细节写尽欲下未下的白鸥。其四，以拟人写闲暇。「别有说话」以拟人写闲暇——那「旧盟都在」写尽旧盟都在的说话，以拟人写尽新来莫是的别有说话。此外，此词上阕写千峰云起的骤雨，下阕写松窗竹户的潇洒，由景及情，正是闲适词「以闲写乐」的写法。四重手法，使此词以山水写闲适，写尽千峰云起的骤雨与松窗竹户的潇洒，是辛弃疾的代表作。此外，此词还善于以「更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画」的「怎生图画」写风景之难画——那「怎生」写如何能够，正是以问写景，以「图画」写尽风景怎生的图画。又善以「野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇」的「又是一般」写野鸟之闲暇——野鸟飞来，正见野鸟自来的写照，以「闲暇」写尽又是一般闲暇的野鸟。

Allusions

'The Boshan' (bo shan) is the Boshan — the mountain of the Bo, the road of the opening; 'the Li Yi'an' (li yi an) is the Li Yi'an — the name of the Li Qingzhao, the style of the imitating; 'the white gull' (bai ou) is the white gull — the gull of the white, the alliance of the close; 'the old alliance' (jiu meng) is the old alliance — the alliance of the old, the gulls of the close.

此词的用语深植于闲适与山水传统。「千峰」令人想到「千峰」写千峰的意象——也令人想到「千峰竞秀」的意象；「云起」令人想到「云起」写云起的意象——也令人想到「云起龙骧」的意象；「骤雨」令人想到「骤雨」写骤雨的意象——也令人想到「骤雨初歇」（柳永）的意象；「斜阳」令人想到「斜阳」写斜阳的意象——也令人想到「斜阳正在烟柳断肠处」（辛弃疾）的意象；「青旗」令人想到「青旗」写酒旗的意象——也令人想到「青旗沽酒趁梨花」的意象；「山水光」令人想到「山水光」写山水的意象——也令人想到「水光山色」的意象；「松窗竹户」令人想到「松窗竹户」写松竹的意象——也令人想到「松窗竹户皆潇洒」的意象；「白鸥」令人想到「白鸥」写白鸥的意象——《列子》鸥鸟忘机，也令人想到「鸥鹭忘机」的意象；「旧盟」令人想到「旧盟」写旧盟的意象——也令人想到「鸥盟」的意象。全词化用千峰、云起、骤雨、斜阳、青旗、山水光、松窗竹户、白鸥、旧盟的意象典故，以山水写闲适，正是辛弃疾「豪放」而善口语、承闲适传统写山水之本领。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Xin Qiji's poems of the nature, quoted for the freshness of its opening and the ease of its close. The other world of the mountain, and the wondering of the white gull, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's ease: the mountain gathered in the world, to the close's wondering.

此词历来被推为辛弃疾闲适词的名篇，也是宋词写博山道中的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以山水写闲适，清新自然」；近人更指出「旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话」写新来莫是的别有说话，是此词的名句。在诗歌史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以长调写尽千峰云起的骤雨与松窗竹户的潇洒——那千峰，那云起，那骤雨，那一霎儿价，那更远树，那斜阳，那风景，那怎生图画，那青旗，那卖酒，那山那畔，那别有人间，那只消，那山水光中，那无事，那过这一夏，那午醉，那醒时，那松窗，那竹户，那万千，那潇洒，那野鸟，那飞来，那又是一般，那闲暇，那却怪，那白鸥，那觑着人，那欲下未下，那旧盟，那都在，那新来莫是，那别有说话，都写尽了辛弃疾笔下的丑奴儿近博山道中效李易安体；那「别有说话」更以拟人写尽新来莫是的别有说话。此词与辛弃疾《西江月·夜行黄沙道中》「明月别枝惊鹊」同为闲适名篇，一写「稻花香里说丰年」的西江月，一写「无事过这一夏」的丑奴儿近；一写夜行，一写道中。两词对读，可见辛弃疾闲适词的两面。对于今日读者，此词是理解辛弃疾闲适词的窗口，也是宋词写博山道中的经典——那新来莫是的别有说话，穿越千年，仍在诉说着千峰云起的骤雨。

Prosody

Form A ci of the tune of the Ugly, Slave, Boy, Near (chounuerjin)词·丑奴儿近

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the easy wonder.丑奴儿近，上阕押「价」「画」「夏」，下阕押「洒」「暇」「下」「话」（仄韵马卦韵），仄韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the leisure: the level opening with the mountain, the turning with the world, and the close's fall with the saying.此词为丑奴儿近长调，押仄声韵，仄韵到底，音节轻快，正合闲适的轻快。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its ease: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'bie you shuo hua' — falls with the saying, the sound of the wonder of the mountain leisure.此词为丑奴儿近长调，上下两阕——上阕「千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价。更远树斜阳，风景怎生图画。青旗卖酒，山那畔、别有人间，只消山水光中，无事过这一夏」，下阕「午醉醒时，松窗竹户，万千潇洒。野鸟飞来，又是一般闲暇。却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下。旧盟都在，新来莫是，别有说话」，押仄韵（价、画、夏、洒、暇、下、话），仄韵到底，音节轻快。全词以山水写闲适：上阕写千峰云起的骤雨（千峰云起、只消山水光中），下阕写松窗竹户的潇洒（午醉醒时、别有说话）。长调铺叙，前写道中，后写醉醒，以「别有说话」写尽新来莫是的别有说话，正见辛弃疾「豪放」的本色。诵读此词，宜以轻快的语调读「千峰云起」的骤雨，以潇洒的语调读「松窗竹户」的潇洒，结句要读得轻快而有余韵，方能传达出辛弃疾的清新自然。辛弃疾长调以「豪放」著称，此词正是其闲适词的典范。

Line by line

千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价

Clouds rise over a thousand peaks; a squall of rain lasts but a moment.

千峰云起，骤雨一霎儿价。

Clouds rise above a thousand peaks; a sudden storm passes in an instant.

此二句是全词写云雨的核心，以千峰云起写云起，以骤雨一霎儿价写骤雨，写尽千峰云起的骤雨，是千古名句。「千峰云起」写千峰云起——那「千峰」写千峰，「云起」写云起，写尽千峰的云起；「骤雨一霎儿价」写骤雨一霎儿价——那「骤雨」写骤雨，「一霎儿价」写一霎儿价，写尽骤雨一霎的价。这句的深意在于：它以「千峰云起」的云起与「骤雨一霎儿价」的骤雨，写尽千峰云起的骤雨——千峰云起，那「千峰云起」写尽千峰的云起——千峰云起，正是千峰起云的写照，那「云起」写尽千峰云起的骤雨；骤雨一霎儿价，那「骤雨一霎儿价」写尽骤雨一霎的价——骤雨一霎儿价，正是骤雨片刻的写照，那「一霎儿价」写尽千峰云起的骤雨；那「千峰云起」写尽千峰的云起，那「骤雨一霎儿价」写尽骤雨一霎的价，一写云起，一写骤雨，写尽千峰云起的骤雨——千峰起云而骤雨片刻，正是山雨的写照；此二句以云起、骤雨写尽千峰云起的骤雨，也为下文的斜阳作铺垫，也让此二句成为全词写云雨的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「千峰云起，骤雨下了一会儿」，则失其口语；唯以「千峰云起」写云起、「骤雨一霎儿价」写骤雨，写尽千峰云起的骤雨，也让此二句成为全词写云雨的核心。

These lines are the rain-heart of the ci, clouds rising over the peaks and a squall's brief passing. 'A thousand peaks rise in cloud' writes the mountains suddenly veiled; 'a squall but a moment' gives the rain's short, sharp passage. The colloquial 'a moment's worth' suits Xin Qiji's imitation of Li Qingzhao's plain speech. The scene, vast yet brief, sets the mountain road. If stated as 'clouds gathered and it rained a while,' the colloquial liveliness would vanish; only through 'a thousand peaks' and the 'moment's worth' does the storm pass like a sketch.

却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下

And I marvel at the white gull—it eyes the man, about to descend, yet not descending.

却怪白鸥，觑着人、欲下未下。

Yet I wonder at the white gull: it peeks at the traveler, about to settle and yet not settling.

此三句是全词写鸥盟的核心，以却怪白鸥写白鸥，以觑着人写觑着人，以欲下未下写未下，写尽欲下未下的白鸥，是千古名句。「却怪白鸥」写却怪白鸥——那「却怪」写却怪，「白鸥」写白鸥，写尽却怪的白鸥；「觑着人」写觑着人——那「觑着」写觑着，「人」写人，写尽觑着的他人；「欲下未下」写欲下未下——那「欲下」写欲下，「未下」写未下，写尽欲下未下的未下。这句的深意在于：它以「却怪白鸥」的白鸥、「觑着人」的觑着人与「欲下未下」的未下，写尽欲下未下的白鸥——却怪白鸥，那「却怪白鸥」写尽却怪的白鸥——却怪白鸥，正是怪那白鸥的写照，那「白鸥」写尽欲下未下的白鸥；觑着人，那「觑着人」写尽觑着的他人——觑着人，正是偷觑他人的写照，那「觑着人」写尽欲下未下的白鸥；欲下未下，那「欲下未下」写尽欲下未下的未下——欲下未下，正是将下未下的写照，那「未下」写尽欲下未下的白鸥；那「却怪白鸥」写尽却怪的白鸥，那「觑着人」写尽觑着的他人，那「欲下未下」写尽欲下未下的未下，一写白鸥，一写觑着人，一写未下，写尽欲下未下的白鸥——怪那白鸥而觑人未下，正是鸥盟的写照；此三句以白鸥、觑着人、未下写尽欲下未下的白鸥，也为下文的旧盟作铺垫，也让此三句成为全词写鸥盟的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「却怪白鸥，觑着人，想下又不下」，则失其灵巧；唯以「却怪白鸥」写白鸥、「觑着人」写觑着人、「欲下未下」写未下，写尽欲下未下的白鸥，也让此三句成为全词写鸥盟的核心。

These lines are the gull-alliance heart of the ci, the white gull eyeing the traveler yet not descending. 'I marvel at' is the poet's address to the bird; 'eyes the man, about to descend yet not descend' catches the gull's wary hesitation, hovering, glancing, uncertain. The white gull in poetry is the symbol of the reclusive alliance; its hesitation whether to trust the traveler mirrors the poet's own lingering between the world and the hills. If stated as 'the gull watches but won't come down,' the delicacy would fade; only through the 'about to, yet not' does the bird's wariness become a portrait of indecision.

Study

Word focus

霎 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「骤雨一霎儿价」之「霎」字是写云雨关键词，一个「霎」字写尽骤雨一霎的价。霎者，一霎、片刻也。辛弃疾以「骤雨一霎儿价」写云雨，这个「霎」字至少有双重意味：其一，写雨之霎——那「骤雨一霎儿价」写骤雨一霎儿价，那「霎」字写尽骤雨一霎的价——一霎，正是一会儿的写照，那「霎」字写尽骤雨一霎的价；其二，写景之趣——那「霎」字更是写趣——霎，正见骤雨片刻的趣味，那「霎」字写尽辛弃疾的闲适。以「霎」字写云雨，正是辛弃疾写闲适的枢纽——若换作「刻」「瞬」等字，则或失其与「骤雨一霎」「儿价」的配合，或失其写霎的意味；唯「霎」字，以骤雨一霎儿价写尽骤雨之片刻与山雨之趣味，与「千峰云起」的云起相合，写尽骤雨一霎的价，也让「骤雨一霎儿价」成为全词写云雨的名句。

觑 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「觑着人、欲下未下」之「觑」字是写鸥盟关键词，一个「觑」字写尽觑着的他人。觑者，偷看、斜视也。辛弃疾以「觑着人」写鸥盟，这个「觑」字至少有双重意味：其一，写鸥之觑——那「觑着人、欲下未下」写觑着人、欲下未下，那「觑」字写尽觑着的他人——觑着，正是偷眼看的写照，那「觑」字写尽觑着的他人；其二，写盟之趣——那「觑」字更是写趣——觑，正见白鸥觑人的趣味，那「觑」字写尽辛弃疾的闲适。以「觑」字写鸥盟，正是辛弃疾写山水的枢纽——若换作「看」「望」等字，则或失其与「觑着人」「欲下未下」的配合，或失其写觑的意味；唯「觑」字，以觑着人欲下未下写尽白鸥之觑人与欲下之犹豫，与「却怪白鸥」的白鸥相合，写尽觑着的他人，也让「觑着人、欲下未下」成为全词写鸥盟的名句。