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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

行香子·述怀

The, Pilgrim's, Incense: The, Recounting, the, Feelings

苏轼

Su Shi

哲理Philosophy 闲适Leisure

清夜无尘，月色如银。
酒斟时、须满十分。
浮名浮利，虚苦劳神。
叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身。
虽抱文章，开口谁亲。
且陶陶、乐尽天真。
几时归去，作个闲人。
对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云。

The, clear, night, without, the, dust,
The, moon, color, like, the, silver.
When, the, wine, is, poured, it, must, be, filled, to, the, full, tenth.
The, floating, fame, the, floating, profit,
In, vain, the, bitter, toiling, of, the, spirit.
Sighing, the, colt, in, the, crack, of, the, wall,
The, fire, in, the, stone,
The, body, in, the, dream.
Though, holding, the, writings,
Opening, the, mouth, who, is, the, intimate.
Moreover, the, joy, and, the, joy, the, joy, to, the, end, the, innocence, of, the, nature.
When, will, the, time, come, to, return,
To, be, a, man, of, the, leisure.
Facing, a, zither,
A, pot, of, wine,
A, creek, of, the, clouds.

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Meaning

A poem of the night and the philosophy, written by Su Shi. The clear night without the dust, the moon color like the silver — the night of the opening. When the wine is poured it must be filled to the full tenth, the floating fame the floating profit, in vain the bitter toiling of the spirit — the reflection of the middle. Sighing the colt in the crack of the wall, the fire in the stone, the body in the dream — the brevity of the middle. And the close's when will the time come to return, to be a man of the leisure, facing a zither, a pot of wine, a creek of the clouds — the close's return. The poem is the night and the philosophy: the wine, the brevity, and the close's return.

清夜无尘，月色如银。酒斟时、须满十分。浮名浮利，虚苦劳神。叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身。虽抱文章，开口谁亲。且陶陶、乐尽天真。几时归去，作个闲人。对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, clear, night, without, the, dust, the, moon, color, like, the, silver. When, the, wine, is, poured, it, must, be, filled, to, the, full, tenth. The, floating, fame, the, floating, profit, in, vain, the, bitter, toiling, of, the, spirit. Sighing, the, colt, in, the, crack, of, the, wall, the, fire, in, the, stone, the, body, in, the, dream. Though, holding, the, writings, opening, the, mouth, who, is, the, intimate. Moreover, the, joy, and, the, joy, the, joy, to, the, end, the, innocence, of, the, nature. When, will, the, time, come, to, return, to, be, a, man, of, the, leisure. Facing, a, zither, a, pot, of, wine, a, creek, of, the, clouds. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the night of the clear moon with the wine, through the reflection of the fame and the brevity, to the close's the return of the leisure. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the return: when will the time come to return to be a man of the leisure, and the close's facing a zither a pot of wine a creek of the clouds — the philosophy gathered in the brevity and the close's return. [Emotional Tone] Reflecting, philosophical, and free: the poem is the wine, the dream and the close's return.

【白话串讲】苏轼写《行香子·述怀》：“清夜无尘，月色如银”——“浮名浮利，虚苦劳神”——“叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身”——“虽抱文章，开口谁亲”——“几时归去，作个闲人。对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云”——他说想作个闲人——一张琴、一壶酒、一溪云。【意象与手法】此词写旷达的处世情怀，以比喻写人生，是苏轼的名篇。上阕写人生的感慨：「清夜无尘」写清夜无尘，「月色如银」写月色如银，「酒斟时、须满十分」写酒斟时须满十分，「浮名浮利」写浮名浮利，「虚苦劳神」写虚苦劳神，「叹隙中驹」写叹隙中驹，「石中火」写石中火，「梦中身」写梦中身；下阕写旷达的情怀：「虽抱文章」写虽抱文章，「开口谁亲」写开口谁亲，「且陶陶、乐尽天真」写且陶陶乐尽天真，「几时归去」写几时归去，「作个闲人」写作个闲人，「对一张琴」写对一张琴，「一壶酒」写一壶酒，「一溪云」写一溪云。全词以比喻写人生、以闲适写旷达，写尽旷达的处世情怀，是苏轼的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写旷达的处世情怀，以比喻写人生，是苏轼的名篇。苏轼（1037—1101），字子瞻，号东坡居士，眉州眉山（今四川眉山）人，北宋伟大的文学家，诗词文皆工，是宋词豪放派的代表。此词写情怀：清夜无尘，月色如银——写清夜的明净；酒斟时、须满十分——写斟酒须满十分；浮名浮利，虚苦劳神——写浮名浮利，虚苦劳神；叹隙中驹（白驹过隙），石中火（击石之火），梦中身（梦中之人）——以三个比喻写人生短暂如白驹过隙、如石中火、如梦中身；虽抱文章，开口谁亲——写虽怀抱文章，开口谁相亲；且陶陶、乐尽天真——写且陶陶自乐，尽享天真；几时归去，作个闲人——写几时归去，做个闲人；对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云——写对着一张琴、一壶酒、一溪云。全词上阕写人生短暂的感慨，下阕写旷达闲适的情怀——那「隙中驹、石中火、梦中身」写尽人生短暂，「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」写尽闲适旷达，写尽旷达的处世情怀，是理解苏轼旷达词风的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」以三个比喻写人生短暂；「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」写闲适旷达的向往；「浮名浮利，虚苦劳神」写看破名利；以及全词以比喻写人生、以闲适写旷达的手法。

Background

Su Shi (1037-1101), the great poet of the Song, wrote this 'The, Pilgrim's, Incense: The, Recounting, the, Feelings' of the night and the philosophy — the reflection of the fame and the brevity of the life. The night of the clear moon with the wine, the reflection of the fame and the dream, and the close's the return of the leisure — the poem gathers the philosophy of the poet, the freedom of the reclusion. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the philosophy.

此词写旷达的处世情怀，以比喻写人生，是苏轼的名篇。苏轼（1037—1101），字子瞻，号东坡居士，眉州眉山（今四川眉山）人，北宋伟大的文学家，诗词文皆工，是宋词豪放派的代表。苏轼一生宦海浮沉，屡遭贬谪，然旷达自适，其词多写旷达的处世情怀。此词写情怀：「清夜无尘，月色如银」写清夜无尘、月色如银——写清夜的明净；「酒斟时、须满十分」写斟酒时须满十分——写尽兴的饮酒；「浮名浮利，虚苦劳神」写浮名浮利、虚苦劳神——看破名利的虚妄；「叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」叹隙中驹（白驹过隙，语出《庄子·知北游》「人生天地之间，若白驹之过隙」）、石中火（击石出火，转瞬即灭）、梦中身（人生如梦）——以三个比喻写人生短暂；「虽抱文章，开口谁亲」写虽怀抱文章，开口谁相亲——写知音难觅；「且陶陶、乐尽天真」写且陶陶自乐、尽享天真（天然真趣）；「几时归去，作个闲人」写几时归去、做个闲人；「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」写对着一张琴、一壶酒、一溪云——写闲适的理想生活。全词上阕写人生短暂的感慨，下阕写旷达闲适的情怀，写尽旷达的处世情怀，是理解苏轼旷达词风的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the return. The night opens: the, clear, night, without, the, dust — the clear night of the without the dust; the, moon, color, like, the, silver — the moon color of the silver. The reflection follows: when, the, wine, is, poured, it, must, be, filled, to, the, full, tenth — the wine of the full tenth; the, floating, fame, the, floating, profit — the floating fame of the profit; in, vain, the, bitter, toiling, of, the, spirit — the spirit of the bitter toiling; sighing, the, colt, in, the, crack, of, the, wall — the colt of the crack; the, fire, in, the, stone — the fire of the stone; the, body, in, the, dream — the body of the dream; though, holding, the, writings — the writings of the holding; opening, the, mouth, who, is, the, intimate — the mouth of the who; moreover, the, joy, and, the, joy, the, joy, to, the, end, the, innocence, of, the, nature — the innocence of the joy to the end. And the close gathers the return: when, will, the, time, come, to, return — the time of the return; to, be, a, man, of, the, leisure — the man of the leisure; facing, a, zither — the zither of the facing; a, pot, of, wine — the pot of the wine; a, creek, of, the, clouds — the creek of the clouds — the night, the reflection and the close's return, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以景写心境。起二句「清夜无尘，月色如银」以景写心境——那「清夜无尘」写尽清夜的明净，「月色如银」写尽月色的皎洁，以景写尽心境的澄明。其二，以排比写感慨。「浮名浮利，虚苦劳神」以排比写感慨——那「浮名浮利」写尽名利的虚浮，「虚苦劳神」写尽劳神的虚妄，以排比写尽看破名利。其三，以比喻写人生。「叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」以三个比喻写人生——那「隙中驹」写白驹过隙的短暂，「石中火」写击石之火的转瞬，「梦中身」写人生如梦，以三个比喻写尽人生短暂。其四，以闲适写旷达。「且陶陶、乐尽天真。几时归去，作个闲人。对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」以闲适写旷达——那「且陶陶、乐尽天真」写尽陶然自乐，「几时归去，作个闲人」写尽归隐的向往，「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」写尽闲适的理想生活，以闲适写尽旷达。四重手法，使此词以比喻写人生、以闲适写旷达，写尽旷达的处世情怀，是苏轼的代表作。

Allusions

'The colt in the crack' (xi zhong ju) is the colt in the crack — the colt of the crack, the brevity of the middle; 'the fire in the stone' (shi zhong huo) is the fire in the stone — the fire of the stone, the brevity of the middle; 'the body in the dream' (meng zhong shen) is the body in the dream — the body of the dream, the brevity of the middle.

此词的用语深植于旷达与人生感慨的传统。「清夜无尘」令人想到「清夜」写清静之夜的意象——「清夜沉沉动春酌」，也令人想到「无尘」写明净无尘的意象；「月色如银」令人想到「月色」写月光的意象——「月出于东山之上」，也令人想到「如银」写月白如银的意象；「酒斟时、须满十分」令人想到「酒斟」写斟酒的意象，也令人想到「十分」写满杯的意象——「会须一饮三百杯」；「浮名浮利」令人想到「浮名」写虚名的意象——「莫为浮名绊此生」，也令人想到「浮利」写浮利的意象——「浮名浮利」正是苏轼的名句；「虚苦劳神」令人想到「劳神」写劳心的意象，也令人想到「虚苦」写虚妄劳苦的意象；「隙中驹」化用《庄子·知北游》「人生天地之间，若白驹之过隙」——白驹过隙，令人想到「白驹过隙」写光阴飞逝的典故，也令人想到「驹」写时光的意象；「石中火」令人想到「石火」写击石之火的意象——「石火光中寄此身」（白居易），也令人想到「电光石火」写转瞬即逝的意象；「梦中身」令人想到「梦中身」写人生如梦的意象——「人生如梦，一尊还酹江月」（苏轼《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》），也令人想到「南柯一梦」写人生如梦的典故；「虽抱文章，开口谁亲」令人想到「抱文章」写怀抱才学的意象，也令人想到「开口谁亲」写知音难觅的意象；「且陶陶、乐尽天真」令人想到「陶陶」写和乐自适的意象——「陶陶然乐在其中」，也令人想到「天真」写天然真趣的意象——「返璞归真」；「几时归去，作个闲人」令人想到「归去」写归隐的意象——「归去来兮，田园将芜胡不归」（陶渊明），也令人想到「闲人」写闲居之人的意象；「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」令人想到「一张琴」写琴的意象——「绿绮」，也令人想到「一壶酒」写酒的意象——「一壶浊酒喜相逢」，更令人想到「一溪云」写溪云闲适的意象——「行到水穷处，坐看云起时」（王维）。全词化用白驹过隙、石火、梦中身、归去来、一张琴一壶酒一溪云的典故与意象，以比喻写人生、以闲适写旷达，正是苏轼「旷达」而善用典、承人生感慨传统写闲适的本领。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Su Shi's poems of the philosophy, quoted for the brevity of its middle and the freedom of its close. The colt of the crack, and the creek of the clouds, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's philosophy: the night gathered in the brevity, to the close's return.

此词历来被推为苏轼旷达词的名篇，也是宋词述怀的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以比喻写人生、以闲适写旷达，潇洒旷达」；近人更指出「隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」以三个比喻写人生短暂，「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」写闲适旷达，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以十一句的短章写尽人生短暂的感慨与旷达闲适的情怀——那清夜无尘的明净，那如银的月色，那须满十分的酒，那浮名浮利的看破，那隙中驹石中火梦中身的比喻，那虽抱文章而开口谁亲的知音难觅，那陶陶自乐的天真，那归去作闲人的向往，那一张琴一壶酒一溪云的闲适，都写尽了苏轼旷达的处世情怀；那「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」更写尽闲适旷达的理想生活。此词与苏轼的《定风波》（「一蓑烟雨任平生」）同为旷达名篇，一写风雨中的旷达，一写闲适中的旷达；又与陶渊明「归去来兮」的归隐传统一脉相承，可见中国文人写旷达与归隐的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解苏轼旷达词风的窗口，也是中国词写旷达的经典——那一张琴一壶酒一溪云的闲适，穿越千年，仍在诉说着旷达的处世情怀。

Prosody

Form A ci of the tune of the Pilgrim's, Incense (xingxiangzi)词·行香子（小令）

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the free philosophy.行香子，押「银」「分」「神」「身」「亲」「真」「人」「云」韵（上平十一真、十二文），一韵到底，音节流畅

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the return: the level opening with the night, the turning with the brevity, and the close's fall with the clouds.此词为行香子，双调六十六字，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节流畅，正合旷达的流畅。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its freedom: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'yi xi yun' — falls with the clouds, the sound of the philosophy of the night poet.此词为行香子，双调，上阕「清夜无尘，月色如银。酒斟时、须满十分。浮名浮利，虚苦劳神。叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」，下阕「虽抱文章，开口谁亲。且陶陶、乐尽天真。几时归去，作个闲人。对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」，押「真文」韵（银、分、神、身、亲、真、人、云），一韵到底，音节流畅。全词以旷达写情怀：上阕写感慨（清夜无尘，月色如银；酒斟时、须满十分；浮名浮利，虚苦劳神；叹隙中驹，石中火，梦中身），下阕写旷达（虽抱文章，开口谁亲；且陶陶、乐尽天真；几时归去，作个闲人；对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云）。诵读此词，宜以清朗的语调读「清夜无尘，月色如银」的明净，以感慨的语调读「隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」的短暂，结句「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」要读得闲适而有余韵，方能传达出苏轼的旷达。苏轼词以「旷达」著称，此词正是其述怀小令的典范。

Line by line

隙中驹，石中火，梦中身

A colt through a crevice, a spark from struck stone, a body in a dream.

如白驹过隙，如击石之火，如梦中之人。

Like a colt glimpsed through a crack, like a spark struck from stone, like a self within a dream.

此三句是全词写感慨的核心，以三个比喻写人生短暂，是千古名句。「隙中驹」写如白驹过隙——那「隙中驹」化用《庄子》「白驹之过隙」，写光阴如白驹过隙般飞逝；「石中火」写如击石之火——那「石中火」写击石出火、转瞬即灭，写人生如石火般短暂；「梦中身」写如梦中之人——那「梦中身」写人生如梦，写人生如梦中之身。这句的深意在于：它以「隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」三个比喻，写尽人生短暂的深沉感慨——人生天地之间，如白驹过隙，那「隙中驹」化用《庄子》写光阴飞逝，写尽人生的短暂；人生如击石之火，那「石中火」写石火转瞬即灭，写尽人生如电光石火般须臾；人生如梦中之人，那「梦中身」写人生如梦，写尽人生如梦幻泡影般虚妄；那「隙中驹」写光阴之速，那「石中火」写须臾之短，那「梦中身」写人生之虚，三喻连用，写尽人生短暂的感慨——正因人生短暂，浮名浮利才虚苦劳神，才要且陶陶乐尽天真、作个闲人；此三句上承「浮名浮利，虚苦劳神」的看破，下启「且陶陶、乐尽天真」的旷达，正是全词由感慨转入旷达的枢纽。若换作直说「人生很短暂」，则失其比喻；唯以「隙中驹，石中火，梦中身」的三个比喻写尽人生短暂，也让此三句成为全词写感慨的核心与千古名句。

These three lines are the reflection heart of the ci, three metaphors for life's brevity. 'A colt through a crevice' adapts Zhuangzi's 'white colt glimpsed through a gap,' writing time's swiftness; 'a spark from struck stone' writes the instant flash of life; 'a body in a dream' writes its illusoriness. The three images, piled without connecting words, compress life into speed, brevity, and unreality—precisely why fame and gain are 'empty toil.' The triplet is the hinge from disillusionment to ease that follows. If stated as 'life is short,' the metaphors would vanish; only through the colt, the spark, and the dream does the brevity become felt.

对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云

Facing one qin, one pot of wine, one stream of cloud.

对着一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云。

With one qin, one flask of wine, and a whole stream of clouds before me.

此三句是全词的收束，以琴酒云写闲适旷达的理想生活，是千古名句。「对一张琴」写对着一张琴——那「一张琴」写一张琴，写尽闲适的抚琴；「一壶酒」写一壶酒——那「一壶酒」写一壶酒，写尽闲适的饮酒；「一溪云」写一溪云——那「一溪云」写一溪云，写尽闲适的看云。这句的深意在于：它以「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」三个意象，写尽闲适旷达的理想生活——对着一张琴、一壶酒、一溪云，那「一张琴」写尽闲适的抚琴之乐，那「一壶酒」写尽闲适的饮酒之乐，那「一溪云」写尽闲适的看云之趣；一琴一酒一云，写尽闲人的理想生活——无浮名浮利之累，无虚苦劳神之烦，唯对琴、对酒、对云，正是「作个闲人」的写照；那「一张琴」写尽闲适之具，那「一壶酒」写尽闲适之味，那「一溪云」写尽闲适之境，三物并举，写尽旷达闲适的理想生活——此三句上承「几时归去，作个闲人」的向往，以琴酒云的闲适收束，写尽苏轼旷达的处世情怀，也让此三句成为全词收束的千古名句。若换作直说「想过闲适的生活」，则失其意象；唯以「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」的三个意象写尽闲适旷达，也让此三句成为全词的收束。

These three lines close the ci, the ideal life of qin, wine, and stream-cloud. 'One qin' for playing, 'one pot of wine' for drinking, 'one stream of cloud' for gazing—three possessions, no more. The single 'one' before each gives the spare, perfect equipment of the idler: no fame toil, only instrument, wine, and cloud. The triplet answers the earlier 'a colt, a spark, a dream,' turning life's brevity into the freedom of 'be a man at leisure.' If stated as 'I want an easy life,' the imagery would vanish; only through the qin, the wine, and the stream of cloud does the ideal take shape.

Study

Word focus

隙 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「隙中驹」之「隙」字是写光阴的关键字，一个「隙」字写尽光阴如白驹过隙的短暂。隙者，缝隙、门缝也。苏轼以「隙中驹」写光阴，这个「隙」字至少有双重意味：其一，写缝隙之微——那「隙中驹」写白驹过隙，那「隙」字写尽门缝之微——时光从极小的缝隙中倏忽而过，正见其速；其二，写光阴之速——那「隙」字更是写光阴——白驹过隙，正是光阴飞逝的写照，那「隙」字写尽人生短暂的感慨。以「隙」字写光阴，正是苏轼写感慨的枢纽——若换作「门」「隙」等字的直说，则或失其与「驹」的配合，或失其写光阴之速的凝练；唯「隙」字，以一字写尽白驹过隙、光阴飞逝的短暂，与「石中火」「梦中身」的比喻相合，写尽人生短暂的感慨，也让「隙中驹」成为全词写感慨的名句。

闲人 'The, man, of, the, leisure' — the man of the leisure, the return of the close. 「作个闲人」之「闲人」是写旷达的关键词，一个「闲人」写尽闲适旷达的追求。闲人者，闲居之人、无事之人也。苏轼以「作个闲人」写归去，这个「闲人」至少有双重意味：其一，写闲居之乐——那「几时归去，作个闲人」写几时归去、做个闲人，那「闲人」写尽闲居无事的生活——对一张琴、一壶酒、一溪云，正是闲人的生活；其二，写旷达之志——那「闲人」更是写旷达——作个闲人，正是远离浮名浮利的旷达，那「闲人」写尽苏轼旷达的处世情怀。以「闲人」写旷达，正是苏轼收束全词的枢纽——若换作「隐者」「散人」等词，则或失其口语的亲切，或失其与「对一张琴，一壶酒，一溪云」的呼应；唯「闲人」二字，以闲居无事写尽闲适旷达的生活，与「且陶陶、乐尽天真」的陶然相合，写尽苏轼旷达的处世情怀，也让「作个闲人」成为全词写旷达的关键词。