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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

行香子·树绕村庄

The, Pilgrim's, Incense: The, Trees, Winding, the, Village

秦观

Qin Guan

田园Pastoral life 春景spring

树绕村庄，水满陂塘。
倚东风、豪兴徜徉。
小园几许，收尽春光。
有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄。
远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。
飏青旗、流水桥傍。
偶然乘兴，步过东冈。
正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙。

The, trees, winding, the, village,
The, water, filling, the, pond, of, the, slopes.
Leaning, on, the, east, wind, the, proud, joy, wandering, and, wandering.
The, little, garden, how, much, it, is,
Gathering, all, the, light, of, the, spring.
There, the, peach, blossoms, red,
The, plum, blossoms, white,
The, rape, flowers, yellow.
Far, and, far, the, enclosing, wall,
Faint, and, faint, the, thatched, hall.
Flying, the, green, flag, the, flowing, water, by, the, bridge.
By, the, chance, following, the, joy,
Stepping, over, the, eastern, ridge.
Just, the, orioles, crying,
The, swallows, dancing,
The, butterflies, busy.

Listen

Meaning

A poem of the village and the spring, written by Qin Guan. The trees winding the village, the water filling the pond of the slopes — the village of the opening. Leaning on the east wind the proud joy wandering and wandering, the little garden how much it is, gathering all the light of the spring — the spring of the middle. There the peach blossoms red, the plum blossoms white, the rape flowers yellow — the flowers of the middle. And the close's just the orioles crying, the swallows dancing, the butterflies busy — the close's creatures. The poem is the village and the spring: the garden, the flowers, and the close's creatures.

树绕村庄，水满陂塘。倚东风、豪兴徜徉。小园几许，收尽春光。有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄。远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。飏青旗、流水桥傍。偶然乘兴，步过东冈。正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, trees, winding, the, village, the, water, filling, the, pond, of, the, slopes. Leaning, on, the, east, wind, the, proud, joy, wandering, and, wandering, the, little, garden, how, much, it, is, gathering, all, the, light, of, the, spring. There, the, peach, blossoms, red, the, plum, blossoms, white, the, rape, flowers, yellow. Far, and, far, the, enclosing, wall, faint, and, faint, the, thatched, hall. Flying, the, green, flag, the, flowing, water, by, the, bridge. By, the, chance, following, the, joy, stepping, over, the, eastern, ridge. Just, the, orioles, crying, the, swallows, dancing, the, butterflies, busy. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the village of the trees and the water with the pond of the slopes, through the spring of the flowers with the peach and the plum, to the close's the creatures of the orioles and the butterflies. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the creatures: there the peach blossoms red the plum blossoms white the rape flowers yellow, and the close's just the orioles crying the swallows dancing the butterflies busy — the spring gathered in the flowers and the close's creatures. [Emotional Tone] Fresh, joyful, and vivid: the poem is the garden, the flowers and the close's creatures.

【白话串讲】秦观写《行香子·树绕村庄》：“树绕村庄，水满陂塘。倚东风、豪兴徜徉”——“小园几许，收尽春光。有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄”——“偶然乘兴，步过东冈。正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙”——他写春日村庄的生机。【意象与手法】此词写春景，以田园写春景，是秦观的名篇。上阕写村景：「树绕村庄，水满陂塘。倚东风、豪兴徜徉」写树绕村庄、水满陂塘、倚东风、豪兴徜徉——写尽村庄的春色；「小园几许，收尽春光。有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」写小园几许、收尽春光、有桃花红、李花白、菜花黄——写尽小园的春色；下阕写行游：「远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。飏青旗、流水桥傍」写远远围墙、隐隐茅堂、飏青旗、流水桥傍——写尽途中的景物；「偶然乘兴，步过东冈。正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」写偶然乘兴、步过东冈、正莺儿啼、燕儿舞、蝶儿忙——写尽春日的生机。全词以田园写春景，写尽村庄的春色与春日的生机，是秦观的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写春景，以田园写春景，是秦观的名篇。此词写春日的田园之景。上阕写村景：树绕村庄，水满陂塘。倚东风、豪兴徜徉——写树绕村庄、水满陂塘、倚东风、豪兴徜徉，写尽村庄的春色；小园几许，收尽春光。有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄——写小园几许、收尽春光、有桃花红、李花白、菜花黄，写尽小园的春色；下阕写行游：远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。飏青旗、流水桥傍——写远远围墙、隐隐茅堂、飏青旗、流水桥傍，写尽途中的景物；偶然乘兴，步过东冈。正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙——写偶然乘兴、步过东冈、正莺儿啼、燕儿舞、蝶儿忙，写尽春日的生机。全词以田园写春景——那「收尽春光」写尽小园的春色，「蝶儿忙」写尽春日的生机，写尽村庄的春色与春日的生机，是理解秦观词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「树绕村庄，水满陂塘」写村庄的春色；「小园几许，收尽春光」写小园的春色；「有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」写春日的色彩；「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」写春日的生机；以及全词以田园写春景、以白描写春景的手法。

Background

Qin Guan (1049-1100), the poet of the Song, wrote this 'The, Pilgrim's, Incense: The, Trees, Winding, the, Village' of the village and the spring — the joy of the spring outing. The trees winding with the water filling, the flowers of the peach and the plum, and the close's the creatures of the orioles and the butterflies — the poem gathers the joy of the poet, the beauty of the spring. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the spring.

此词写春景，以田园写春景，是秦观的名篇。秦观（1049—1100），字少游、太虚，号淮海居士，扬州高邮（今属江苏）人，北宋词人，苏门四学士之一。秦观词以婉约著称，此词却以疏朗的笔调写田园春景，是其别调。上阕写村景：「树绕村庄，水满陂塘。倚东风、豪兴徜徉」写树绕村庄、水满陂塘、倚东风、豪兴徜徉——写尽村庄的春色（树绕村庄，水满陂塘，倚东风、豪兴徜徉）；「小园几许，收尽春光。有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」写小园几许、收尽春光、有桃花红、李花白、菜花黄——写尽小园的春色（小园几许，收尽春光，有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄）。下阕写行游：「远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。飏青旗、流水桥傍」写远远围墙、隐隐茅堂、飏青旗、流水桥傍——写尽途中的景物（远远围墙，隐隐茅堂，飏青旗、流水桥傍）；「偶然乘兴，步过东冈。正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」写偶然乘兴、步过东冈、正莺儿啼、燕儿舞、蝶儿忙——写尽春日的生机（偶然乘兴，步过东冈，正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙）。全词以田园写春景，写尽村庄的春色与春日的生机，是理解秦观词的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the creatures. The village opens: the, trees, winding, the, village — the trees of the winding; the, water, filling, the, pond, of, the, slopes — the water of the filling. The spring follows: leaning, on, the, east, wind, the, proud, joy, wandering, and, wandering — the east wind of the wandering; the, little, garden, how, much, it, is — the little garden of the how much; gathering, all, the, light, of, the, spring — the light of the spring; there, the, peach, blossoms, red — the peach blossoms of the red; the, plum, blossoms, white — the plum blossoms of the white; the, rape, flowers, yellow — the rape flowers of the yellow; far, and, far, the, enclosing, wall — the enclosing wall of the far and far; faint, and, faint, the, thatched, hall — the thatched hall of the faint and faint; flying, the, green, flag, the, flowing, water, by, the, bridge — the green flag of the flowing water. And the close gathers the creatures: by, the, chance, following, the, joy — the joy of the following; stepping, over, the, eastern, ridge — the eastern ridge of the stepping; just, the, orioles, crying — the orioles of the crying; the, swallows, dancing — the swallows of the dancing; the, butterflies, busy — the butterflies of the busy — the village, the spring and the close's creatures, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以白描写村景。「树绕村庄，水满陂塘」以白描写村景——那「树绕」「水满」写尽树水，以白描写尽村庄的春色。其二，以排比写色彩。「有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」以排比写色彩——那「红」「白」「黄」写尽三色，以排比写尽春日的色彩。其三，以叠字写远近。「远远围墙，隐隐茅堂」以叠字写远近——那「远远」「隐隐」写尽远隐，以叠字写尽途中的景物。其四，以排比写生机。「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」以排比写生机——那「啼」「舞」「忙」写尽莺燕蝶，以排比写尽春日的生机。此外，此词上阕写村景的春色，下阕写行游的生机，由静入动，正是秦观词「以白描写景」的写法。四重手法，使此词以田园写春景，写尽村庄的春色与春日的生机，是秦观的代表作。此词尤可注意其「移步换景、由静入动」的章法：上阕写静景，以「树绕村庄，水满陂塘」起，是村之全景；「小园几许，收尽春光」，是园之近景；「有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」，是园中三色之特写——由远而近，层层收拢。下阕忽以「偶然乘兴，步过东冈」引入行动，于是「远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。飏青旗、流水桥傍」随步而现，是行游所见；末以「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」收束——静景中忽见飞动，正写出春日生机扑面而来，正是秦观以白描写生趣的典型。

Allusions

'The pond of the slopes' (bei tang) is the pond of the slopes — the pond of the slopes, the filling of the opening; 'the east wind' (dong feng) is the east wind — the wind of the east, the leaning of the middle; 'the green flag' (qing qi) is the green flag — the flag of the green, the wine of the middle.

此词的用语深植于田园与春景的传统。「陂塘」令人想到「陂塘」写池塘的意象——「水满陂塘」正是秦观的名句，也令人想到「方宅十余亩，草屋八九间」（陶渊明）的田园意象；「徜徉」令人想到「徜徉」写流连的意象——也令人想到「逍遥游」的意象；「收尽春光」令人想到「收尽春光」写尽春的意象——「小园几许，收尽春光」正是秦观的名句，也令人想到「春色满园关不住」（叶绍翁）的意象；「青旗」令人想到「青旗」写酒旗的意象——「飏青旗、流水桥傍」正是秦观的名句，也令人想到「水村山郭酒旗风」（杜牧）的意象；「东冈」令人想到「东冈」写东边的山冈的意象——也令人想到「采菊东篱下」的东篱意象；「莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」令人想到「莺燕」写春鸟的意象——也令人想到「几处早莺争暖树」（白居易）的意象。全词化用陂塘、青旗、莺燕的意象，以田园写春景，正是秦观「清新婉丽」而承田园传统写春景的本领。又「飏青旗」可联系中国文学写酒旗的传统：杜牧《江南春》「水村山郭酒旗风」写酒旗，辛弃疾《鹧鸪天》「山远近，路横斜，青旗沽酒有人家」亦写青旗；秦观以「飏青旗、流水桥傍」写酒旗临水，正见其「以细节写风俗」的功夫。而「菜花黄」写油菜花之金黄，更是田野本色——唐宋诗词写春多写桃李，独秦观以「菜花黄」入词，正是他贴近田园、不避俚俗之处，可见其词「清新」之由来。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Qin Guan's poems of the spring, quoted for the colors of its middle and the joy of its close. The peach blossoms of the red, and the butterflies of the busy, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's joy: the village gathered in the flowers, to the close's creatures.

此词历来被推为秦观词的名篇，也是北宋词写田园春景的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以田园写春景，疏朗明快」；近人更指出「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」写春日的生机，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以八韵的短调写尽村庄的春色与春日的生机——那树，那村庄，那水，那陂塘，那东风，那豪兴，那小园，那春光，那桃花，那李花，那菜花，那围墙，那茅堂，那青旗，那流水，那桥，那东冈，那莺儿，那燕儿，那蝶儿，都写尽了秦观笔下的田园；那「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」更以排比写尽春日的生机。此词与秦观《鹊桥仙·纤云弄巧》（「金风玉露一相逢」）同为名篇，一写「两情若是久长时」的七夕（鹊桥仙），一写「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞」的田园（行香子）；又与陶渊明「暧暧远人村」的田园传统一脉相承，可见中国词写田园春景的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解秦观词的窗口，也是中国词写田园的经典——那忙着的蝶儿，穿越千年，仍在诉说着春日的生机。

Prosody

Form A ci of the tune of the Pilgrim's, Incense (xingxiangzi)词·行香子

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the joyful freshness.《行香子》双调六十六字，押「塘」「徉」「光」「黄」「堂」「傍」「冈」「忙」韵（平声），一韵到底，音节明快

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the joy: the level opening with the village, the turning with the flowers, and the close's fall with the busy.此词为《行香子》调，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节明快，正合田园的明快。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its joy: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'die er mang' — falls with the busy, the sound of the joy of the spring poet.此词为《行香子》双调六十六字，上阕——「树绕村庄，水满陂塘。倚东风、豪兴徜徉。小园几许，收尽春光。有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」，下阕——「远远围墙，隐隐茅堂。飏青旗、流水桥傍。偶然乘兴，步过东冈。正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」，押平声韵（塘、徉、光、黄、堂、傍、冈、忙），一韵到底，音节明快。全词以田园写春景：上阕写村景的春色（树绕村庄、收尽春光、菜花黄），下阕写行游的生机（远远围墙、步过东冈、蝶儿忙）。两阕由静入动，层层写尽村庄的春色与春日的生机，正是秦观词以白描写景的典型结构。诵读此词，宜以明快的语调读「树绕村庄」的村景，以欢快的语调读「正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙」的生机，结句要读得轻快而有余韵，方能传达出秦观的清新明快。秦观词以「清新婉丽」著称，此词正是其田园词的典范。

Line by line

有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄

There are peach blossoms red, plum blossoms white, rape flowers yellow.

有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄。

Peach blossoms are red, plum blossoms white, the rapeseed blooms yellow.

此三句是全词写色彩的核心，以桃花红写桃，以李花白写李，以菜花黄写菜，写尽春日的色彩，是千古名句。「桃花红」写桃花红——那「桃花」写桃花，「红」写红，写尽桃花的红艳；「李花白」写李花白——那「李花」写李花，「白」写白，写尽李花的洁白；「菜花黄」写菜花黄——那「菜花」写菜花，「黄」写黄，写尽菜花的金黄。这句的深意在于：它以「桃花红」的桃与「李花白」的李与「菜花黄」的菜，写尽春日的色彩——桃花红，那「桃花红」写尽桃花的红艳——桃花之红，正是春日之艳，那「红」写尽桃花的红艳；李花白，那「李花白」写尽李花的洁白——李花之白，正是春日之素，那「白」写尽李花的洁白；菜花黄，那「菜花黄」写尽菜花的金黄——菜花之黄，正是田野之彩，那「黄」写尽菜花的金黄；那「桃花红」写尽桃花的红艳，那「李花白」写尽李花的洁白，那「菜花黄」写尽菜花的金黄，三句写尽春日的色彩——红白黄三色并陈，正是春日的斑斓；此三句以桃、李、菜写尽春日的色彩，也让此三句成为全词写色彩的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「春天的花很多很好看」，则失其明快；唯以「桃花红」写桃、「李花白」写李、「菜花黄」写菜，写尽春日的色彩，也让此三句成为全词写色彩的核心。

These three lines are the color heart of the ci, peach red, plum white, rape yellow. 'Peach red' the gaudy, 'plum white' the pure, 'rape yellow' the field's bright—the three colors piled in a breath, a spring garden in full chromatic display. The triplet of flower and color gives the verse its bright, uncomplicated cheer. If stated as 'spring flowers are colorful,' the vividness would vanish; only through the red, the white, and the yellow does the spring become a palette.

正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙

Now the orioles call, the swallows dance, the butterflies hurry.

正莺儿啼，燕儿舞，蝶儿忙。

Right now the orioles chirp, the swallows dart, the butterflies are busy.

此三句是全词写生机的核心，以莺儿啼写莺，以燕儿舞写燕，以蝶儿忙写蝶，写尽春日的生机，是千古名句。「莺儿啼」写莺儿啼——那「莺儿」写莺儿，「啼」写啼，写尽莺的啼鸣；「燕儿舞」写燕儿舞——那「燕儿」写燕儿，「舞」写舞，写尽燕的飞舞；「蝶儿忙」写蝶儿忙——那「蝶儿」写蝶儿，「忙」写忙，写尽蝶的繁忙。这句的深意在于：它以「莺儿啼」的莺与「燕儿舞」的燕与「蝶儿忙」的蝶，写尽春日的生机——莺儿啼，那「莺儿啼」写尽莺的啼鸣——莺儿啼鸣，正是春日的声响，那「啼」写尽莺的啼鸣；燕儿舞，那「燕儿舞」写尽燕的飞舞——燕儿飞舞，正是春日的姿态，那「舞」写尽燕的飞舞；蝶儿忙，那「蝶儿忙」写尽蝶的繁忙——蝶儿繁忙，正是春日的忙碌，那「忙」写尽蝶的繁忙；那「莺儿啼」写尽莺的啼鸣，那「燕儿舞」写尽燕的飞舞，那「蝶儿忙」写尽蝶的繁忙，三句写尽春日的生机——莺啼燕舞蝶忙，正是春日的生机；此三句以莺、燕、蝶写尽春日的生机，也让此三句成为全词写生机的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「春天很热闹」，则失其生动；唯以「莺儿啼」写莺、「燕儿舞」写燕、「蝶儿忙」写蝶，写尽春日的生机，也让此三句成为全词写生机的核心。

These three lines are the vitality heart of the ci, orioles calling, swallows dancing, butterflies busy. 'Orioles call' the sound, 'swallows dance' the motion, 'butterflies hurry' the bustling life—the three creatures in three actions fill the spring air. The diminutive 'little' before each bird gives the lines a childlike, lively touch. The triplet of sound, motion, and busy life pairs with the earlier colors to complete the spring picture. If stated as 'spring is lively,' the animation would vanish; only through the calling orioles, dancing swallows, and busy butterflies does the spring hum.

Study

Word focus

收尽 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「小园几许，收尽春光」之「收尽」是写春景的关键词，一个「收尽」写尽小园的春光。收尽者，尽收、包揽也。秦观以「小园几许，收尽春光」写春景，这个「收尽」至少有双重意味：其一，写春光之全——那「小园几许，收尽春光」写小园几许、收尽春光，那「收尽」写尽春光的全收——小园虽小，却收尽春光，那「收尽」写尽春光的全备；其二，写小园之奇——那「收尽」更是写奇——收尽，正见小园之奇，那「收尽」写尽小园的聚春。以「收尽」写春景，正是秦观写田园的枢纽——若换作「占尽」「尽得」等词，则或失其与「小园几许」的配合，或失其写收尽的意味；唯「收尽」二字，以小园几许收尽春光写尽春光的全收与小园的聚春，与「有桃花红，李花白，菜花黄」的桃花相合，写尽小园的春色，也让「小园几许，收尽春光」成为全词写春景的名句。

忙 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「蝶儿忙」之「忙」字是写生机的关键词，一个「忙」字写尽蝶儿的繁忙。忙者，忙碌也。秦观以「蝶儿忙」写蝶，这个「忙」字至少有双重意味：其一，写蝶之勤——那「蝶儿忙」写蝶儿忙，那「忙」字写尽蝶的繁忙——蝶儿繁忙，正是采花酿蜜的写照，那「忙」字写尽蝶的勤劳；其二，写春之盛——那「忙」字更是写盛——忙，正见春日的繁盛，那「忙」字写尽春日的生机。以「忙」字写蝶，正是秦观写生机的枢纽——若换作「飞」「舞」等字，则或失其与「莺儿啼，燕儿舞」的配合，或失其写忙的意味；唯「忙」字，以蝶儿忙写尽蝶的勤劳与春日的繁盛，与「莺儿啼，燕儿舞」的啼舞相合，写尽春日的生机，也让「蝶儿忙」成为全词写生机的名句。