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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

细雨

The, Fine, Rain

李商隐

Li Shangyin

写景Scenery 细雨Theme

帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床。
楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉。

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Meaning

A poem of the rain and the image, written by Li Shangyin. The curtains floating in the hall of the white jade, the mats rolled on the bed of the green ivory — the rain of the opening. The intent of the lady of the Chu at the time, the rustling hair the color cool — the image of the close. The poem is the rain and the image: the curtains, the mats, and the close's lady.

帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床。楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, curtains, floating, in, the, hall, of, the, white, jade, the, mats, rolled, on, the, bed, of, the, green, ivory. The, intent, of, the, lady, of, the, Chu, at, the, time, the, rustling, hair, the, color, cool. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the rain of the floating curtains and the rolled mats, through the intent of the lady of the Chu, to the close's the hair of the rustling. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the image: the curtains floating in the hall of the white jade, and the close's the intent of the lady of the Chu at the time the rustling hair the color cool — the rain gathered in the intent and the close's hair. [Emotional Tone] Fine, cool, and evocative: the poem is the curtains, the mats and the close's lady.

【白话串讲】李商隐写《细雨》：“帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床”——“楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉”——他写细雨——像楚女的发丝般凉。【意象与手法】此诗写细雨，以朦胧写细雨，是李商隐的名篇。前二句写雨象：「帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床」写帷飘白玉堂、簟卷碧牙床——写尽细雨的帘幕；后二句写雨意：「楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉」写楚女当时意、萧萧发彩凉——写尽细雨的凉意。全诗以朦胧写细雨，写尽细雨的帘幕与细雨的凉意，是李商隐的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写细雨，以朦胧写细雨，是李商隐的名篇。此诗咏细雨而意象朦胧。李商隐善以朦胧的意象写微妙的感受，此诗写细雨如帷如簟，如楚女之发，正是以联想写细雨的形态与凉意。此诗写雨象：帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床——写帷飘白玉堂、簟卷碧牙床，写尽细雨的帘幕；楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉——写楚女当时意、萧萧发彩凉，写尽细雨的凉意。全诗以朦胧写细雨——那「帷飘白玉堂」写尽细雨的帘幕，「萧萧发彩凉」写尽细雨的凉意，写尽细雨的帘幕与细雨的凉意，是理解李商隐咏物诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床」写细雨的帘幕；「楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉」写细雨的凉意；以及全诗以朦胧写细雨、以联想写物态的手法。

Background

Li Shangyin (c. 813-858), the poet of the Tang, wrote this 'The, Fine, Rain' of the rain and the image — the beauty of the fine rain. The floating curtains with the rolled mats, and the close's the image of the lady of the Chu — the poem gathers the beauty of the poet, the refinement of the image. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the rain.

此诗写细雨，以朦胧写细雨，是李商隐的名篇。李商隐（约813—约858），字义山，号玉谿生，怀州河内（今河南沁阳）人，晚唐诗人，与杜牧合称「小李杜」，与温庭筠合称「温李」。此诗咏细雨而意象朦胧。李商隐善以朦胧的意象写微妙的感受，此诗写细雨如帷如簟，如楚女之发，正是以联想写细雨的形态与凉意。此诗写雨象：「帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床」写帷飘白玉堂、簟卷碧牙床——写尽细雨的帘幕（帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床）；「楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉」写楚女当时意、萧萧发彩凉——写尽细雨的凉意（楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉）。全诗以朦胧写细雨，写尽细雨的帘幕与细雨的凉意，是理解李商隐咏物诗的重要篇章。李商隐一生屡遭困厄，因卷入牛李党争而仕途蹉跎，其咏物诗多以细腻的笔触写微物，寄寓幽微的情思。此诗咏细雨而不涉人事，纯以想象的意象写雨丝的形态与凉意，是其「无题」之外咏物一路的代表作，可见其诗思的空灵。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the image. The rain opens: the, curtains, floating, in, the, hall, of, the, white, jade — the curtains of the floating; the, mats, rolled, on, the, bed, of, the, green, ivory — the mats of the rolled. The image follows: the, intent, of, the, lady, of, the, Chu, at, the, time — the lady of the Chu; the, rustling, hair, the, color, cool — the hair of the rustling — the rain, the image and the close's beauty, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以比喻写雨象。「帷飘白玉堂」以比喻写雨象——那「帷飘」写尽雨如帷的比喻，以比喻写尽细雨的帘幕。其二，以通感写雨形。「簟卷碧牙床」以通感写雨形——那「簟卷」写尽雨如簟的比喻，以通感写尽细雨的形态。其三，以用典写雨意。「楚女当时意」以用典写雨意——那「楚女」用楚女之典写雨丝如发，以用典写尽细雨的意象。其四，以写感写凉意。「萧萧发彩凉」以写感写凉意——那「发彩凉」写尽细雨如发的凉意，以写感写尽细雨的清凉。此外，此诗前二句写细雨的帘幕，后二句写细雨的凉意，由形及感，正是咏物诗「以形写神」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以朦胧写细雨，写尽细雨的帘幕与细雨的凉意，是李商隐的代表作。此诗还善于以「白玉堂」「碧牙床」的华贵意象写细雨——那「白玉堂」指华丽的殿堂，「碧牙床」指碧玉镶饰的象牙床，以室内华贵之物喻室外细雨的帘幕，正是「以艳写清」的反衬手法。又善以「楚女当时意」的悬想，将雨丝比作楚地神女的发丝，见其联想之奇。

Allusions

'The hall of the white jade' (bai yu tang) is the hall of the white jade — the hall of the jade, the opening of the poem; 'the bed of the green ivory' (bi ya chuang) is the bed of the green ivory — the bed of the ivory, the opening of the poem; 'the lady of the Chu' (chu nv) is the lady of the Chu — the goddess of the Chu, the intent of the close.

此诗的用语深植于咏物与朦胧传统。「白玉堂」令人想到「白玉堂」写华堂的意象——也令人想到「白玉堂深」的意象；「碧牙床」令人想到「碧牙床」写象牙床的意象——也令人想到「碧牙」的意象；「楚女」令人想到「楚女」用楚女之典——传说楚女长发，也令人想到「楚王好细腰」的意象；「萧萧」令人想到「萧萧」写风雨声的意象——也令人想到「无边落木萧萧下」（杜甫）的意象；「发彩」令人想到「发彩」写发泽的意象——也令人想到「云鬓」的意象。全词化用白玉堂、碧牙床、楚女、萧萧、发彩的意象典故，以朦胧写细雨，正是李商隐「深婉」而善联想、承咏物传统写朦胧之本领。「楚女」典出宋玉《高唐赋》《神女赋》——楚襄王游高唐，梦遇巫山神女，神女「旦为朝云，暮为行雨」，故楚女与雨有天然的关联。李商隐以「楚女当时意」写雨丝如神女之发，正是以巫山云雨的典故入咏雨诗，暗含「云雨」意象。又「萧萧」令人想到《诗经·小雅》「风雨潇潇」及杜甫「无边落木萧萧下」的意象，以风雨之声写雨势之微；「发彩」令人想到温庭筠「鬓云欲度香腮雪」的意象，以美人云鬓写雨丝之润。全诗化用白玉堂、碧牙床、楚女、萧萧、发彩的意象典故，正是李商隐以典写物的拿手好戏。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Li Shangyin's poems of the rain, quoted for the fineness of its opening and the beauty of its close. The floating curtains of the white jade, and the rustling hair of the cool, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's image: the rain gathered in the intent, to the close's hair.

此诗历来被推为李商隐咏物诗的名篇，也是唐人写细雨的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以朦胧写细雨，空灵婉丽」；近人更指出「萧萧发彩凉」写细雨的凉意，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以四句的绝句写尽细雨的帘幕与细雨的凉意——那帷，那飘，那白玉堂，那簟，那卷，那碧牙床，那楚女，那当时意，那萧萧，那发彩，那凉，都写尽了李商隐笔下的细雨；那「萧萧发彩凉」更以写感写尽细雨的凉意。此诗与李商隐《微雨》（「初随林霭动」）同为咏雨名篇，一写「稍共夜凉分」的微雨（微雨），一写「萧萧发彩凉」的细雨（细雨）；又与杜牧《清明》「清明时节雨纷纷」的雨诗传统一脉相承，可见中国诗写雨的传统。对于今日读者，此诗是理解李商隐咏物诗的窗口，也是中国诗写细雨的经典——那萧萧的发彩，穿越千年，仍在诉说着细雨的凉意。此诗虽只二十字，却以帷、簟、楚女发丝等一连串精美的比喻写细雨，历来被视为李商隐咏物诗中空灵一路的代表。其妙处在于：不着一字写「雨」而字字是雨——如帷如簟写其形，萧萧写其声，发彩凉写其色与触感，正是「不即不离」的咏物上乘境界。

Prosody

Form A regulated poem of the rain (wu yan lü shi)诗·五言绝句

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the regulated poem that carries the fine beauty.五绝，押「床」「凉」韵（下平七阳），一韵到底，音节空灵

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the image: the level opening with the rain, the turning with the intent, and the close's fall with the cool.此诗为五言绝句，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节空灵，正合朦胧的空灵。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its fineness: the cadences of the regulated poem, and the close — 'xiao xiao fa cai liang' — falls with the cool, the sound of the beauty of the rain poet.此诗为五言绝句，四句——「帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床。楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉」，押「阳」韵（床、凉），一韵到底，音节空灵。全诗以朦胧写细雨：前二句写细雨的帘幕（帷飘白玉堂、簟卷碧牙床），后二句写细雨的凉意（楚女当时意、萧萧发彩凉）。四句短章，前写帘幕，后写凉意，以「萧萧发彩凉」写尽细雨的凉意，正见李商隐「深婉」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以空灵的语调读「帷飘白玉堂」的帘幕，以婉丽的语调读「萧萧发彩凉」的凉意，结句要读得空灵而有余韵，方能传达出李商隐的空灵婉丽。李商隐绝句以「深婉」著称，此诗正是其咏物绝句的典范。

Line by line

楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉

The Chu girl's old feeling—the rain's sheen on her hair, rustling and cool.

楚女当时意，萧萧发彩凉。

The mood of the Chu girl of old; the rain- sheen on her long hair, rustling and cool.

此二句是全诗写凉意的核心，以楚女当时意写楚女，以萧萧发彩凉写发彩，写尽细雨的凉意，是千古名句。「楚女当时意」写楚女当时意——那「楚女」写楚女，「当时意」写当时意，写尽楚女的当时；「萧萧发彩凉」写萧萧发彩凉——那「萧萧发彩」写萧萧发彩，「凉」写凉，写尽发彩的凉意。这句的深意在于：它以「楚女当时意」的楚女与「萧萧发彩凉」的发彩，写尽细雨的凉意——楚女当时意，那「楚女当时意」写尽楚女的当时——楚女当时之意，正是细雨如发的写照，那「当时意」写尽细雨的联想；萧萧发彩凉，那「萧萧发彩凉」写尽发彩的凉意——萧萧发彩凉，正是雨丝如发的写照，那「发彩凉」写尽细雨的凉意；那「楚女当时意」写尽楚女的当时，那「萧萧发彩凉」写尽发彩的凉意，一写楚女，一写发彩，写尽细雨的凉意——楚女之意而发彩萧萧，正是细雨如丝的写照；此二句以楚女、发彩写尽细雨的凉意，也让此二句成为全诗写凉意的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「细雨凉凉的」，则失其空灵；唯以「楚女当时意」写楚女、「萧萧发彩凉」写发彩，写尽细雨的凉意，也让此二句成为全诗写凉意的核心。

These lines are the coolness heart of the poem, the Chu girl and the rain-cooled hair. 'The Chu girl's old feeling' invokes the legend of the Chu rain-nymph; 'the rain's sheen on her hair, rustling and cool' imagines the fine rain as hair, its sheen cool on the skin. The fine rain, likened to a woman's streaming hair, is the poem's governing metaphor—rain as hair, hair as rain, the coolness running through both. If stated as 'the fine rain is cool,' the ethereality would vanish; only through the Chu girl and the rain-sheen hair does the drizzle become a body.

帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床

Curtains drift in the white jade hall; the mat is rolled on the green ivory bed.

帷飘白玉堂，簟卷碧牙床。

The curtains float in the white marble hall; the bamboo mat is rolled on the green ivory bed.

此二句是全诗写帘幕的核心，以帷飘白玉堂写帷，以簟卷碧牙床写簟，写尽细雨的帘幕，是千古名句。「帷飘白玉堂」写帷飘白玉堂——那「帷飘」写帷飘，「白玉堂」写白玉堂，写尽帷的飘动；「簟卷碧牙床」写簟卷碧牙床——那「簟卷」写簟卷，「碧牙床」写碧牙床，写尽簟的卷起。这句的深意在于：它以「帷飘白玉堂」的帷与「簟卷碧牙床」的簟，写尽细雨的帘幕——帷飘白玉堂，那「帷飘白玉堂」写尽帷的飘动——帷飘于白玉堂，正是雨如帘帷的写照，那「帷飘」写尽细雨的帘幕；簟卷碧牙床，那「簟卷碧牙床」写尽簟的卷起——簟卷于碧牙床，正是雨如竹簟的写照，那「簟卷」写尽细雨的形态；那「帷飘白玉堂」写尽帷的飘动，那「簟卷碧牙床」写尽簟的卷起，一写帷，一写簟，写尽细雨的帘幕——帷飘簟卷，正是细雨如幕的写照；此二句以帷、簟写尽细雨的帘幕，也为后文的楚女作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写帘幕的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「细雨像帘子一样飘着」，则失其华美；唯以「帷飘白玉堂」写帷、「簟卷碧牙床」写簟，写尽细雨的帘幕，也让此二句成为全诗写帘幕的核心。

These lines are the curtain heart of the poem, curtains drifting in the hall and the mat rolled on the bed. 'Curtains drift in the white jade hall' writes the fine rain as a drifting curtain hung in a noble hall; 'the mat rolled on the green ivory bed' extends the image to the bed's bamboo mat, the rain like a rolled mat. The two objects, curtain and mat, write the rain as drapery and as woven covering, the luxe setting heightening the chill. If stated as 'the rain hangs like curtains,' the splendor would fade; only through the white jade hall and the green ivory bed does the rain become a furnishing.

Study

Word focus

飘 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「帷飘白玉堂」之「飘」字是写雨态的关键词，一个「飘」字写尽雨如帷的飘动。飘者，飘动、飘拂也。李商隐以「帷飘白玉堂」写雨态，这个「飘」字至少有双重意味：其一，写帷之飘——那「帷飘白玉堂」写帷飘白玉堂，那「飘」字写尽帷的飘动——帷飘，正是雨如帘帷的写照，那「飘」字写尽细雨的帘幕；其二，写雨之轻——那「飘」字更是写轻——飘，正见雨丝的轻柔，那「飘」字写尽细雨的形态。以「飘」字写雨态，正是李商隐写咏物的枢纽——若换作「拂」「垂」等字，则或失其与「帷」「白玉堂」的配合，或失其写飘的意味；唯「飘」字，以帷飘白玉堂写尽帷的飘动与雨丝的轻柔，与「萧萧发彩凉」的发彩凉相合，写尽细雨的帘幕，也让「帷飘白玉堂」成为全诗写雨态的名句。

凉 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「萧萧发彩凉」之「凉」字是写凉意的关键词，一个「凉」字写尽细雨的凉意。凉者，清凉、微寒也。李商隐以「萧萧发彩凉」写凉意，这个「凉」字至少有双重意味：其一，写感之凉——那「萧萧发彩凉」写萧萧发彩凉，那「凉」字写尽雨丝入肤的凉意——发彩凉，正是细雨如发的写照，那「凉」字写尽细雨的凉意；其二，写情之淡——那「凉」字更是写淡——凉，正见意境的清凉，那「凉」字写尽细雨的朦胧。以「凉」字写凉意，正是李商隐写咏物的枢纽——若换作「冷」「寒」等字，则或失其与「萧萧发彩」「楚女当时意」的配合，或失其写凉的意味；唯「凉」字，以萧萧发彩凉写尽雨丝入肤的凉意与意境的清凉，与「帷飘白玉堂」的帷飘相合，写尽细雨的凉意，也让「萧萧发彩凉」成为全诗写凉意的名句。

细雨