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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

永王东巡歌·其二

The, Song, of, the, King, of, the, Yong, the, Eastern, Tour, II

李白

Li Bai

时事Theme 咏怀memory

三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉。
但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙。

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Meaning

A poem of the war and the hope, written by Li Bai. The three rivers the northern barbarians in the disorder like the hemp, the four seas fleeing to the south like the Yongjia — the disorder of the opening. But use the An of the East Mountain the Shi of the Xie, for the lord talking and laughing to quiet the dust of the Hu — the hope of the close. The poem is the war and the hope: the disorder, and the close's laughter.

三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉。但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, three, rivers, the, northern, barbarians, in, the, disorder, like, the, hemp, the, four, seas, fleeing, to, the, south, like, the, Yongjia. But, use, the, An, of, the, East, Mountain, the, Shi, of, the, Xie, for, the, lord, talking, and, laughing, to, quiet, the, dust, of, the, Hu. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the disorder of the northern barbarians with the fleeing to the south, through the use of the Xie, to the close's the quieting of the dust. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the quieting: the four seas fleeing to the south like the Yongjia, and the close's but use the An of the East Mountain the Shi of the Xie for the lord talking and laughing to quiet the dust of the Hu — the war gathered in the hope and the close's laughter. [Emotional Tone] Disturbed, hopeful, and free: the poem is the disorder, the hope and the close's laughter.

【白话串讲】李白写《永王东巡歌·其二》：“三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉”——“但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙”——他说只要有谢安那样的人，谈笑间就能平定胡尘——他自比谢安。【意象与手法】此诗写咏怀，以功名写咏怀，是李白的名篇。前两句写乱象：「三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉」写三川北虏乱如麻、四海南奔似永嘉——写尽四海南奔的永嘉；后两句写功名：「但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙」写但用东山谢安石、为君谈笑静胡沙——写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。全诗以功名写咏怀，写尽四海南奔的永嘉与为君谈笑的静胡沙，是李白的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写咏怀，以功名写咏怀，是李白的名篇。此诗为李白入永王李璘幕府时作，写其以谢安自比、欲靖乱立功。李白受永王征召，此诗写其建功立业的抱负。此诗写三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉；但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙。此诗写乱象：三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉——写三川北虏乱如麻、四海南奔似永嘉，写尽四海南奔的永嘉；但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙——写但用东山谢安石、为君谈笑静胡沙，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。全诗以功名写咏怀——那「四海南奔似永嘉」写尽四海南奔的永嘉，「为君谈笑静胡沙」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，写尽四海南奔的永嘉与为君谈笑的静胡沙，是理解李白咏怀诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉」写四海南奔的永嘉；「但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙」写为君谈笑的静胡沙；以及全诗以功名写咏怀、以用典写功名的手法。

Background

Li Bai (701-762), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'The, Song, of, the, King, of, the, Yong, the, Eastern, Tour, II' of the war and the hope — the hope of the rebellion in the Anshi. The disorder of the three rivers, and the close's the quieting of the dust — the poem gathers the hope of the poet, the confidence of the strategist. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the war.

此诗写咏怀，以功名写咏怀，是李白的名篇。李白（701—762），字太白，号青莲居士，又号谪仙人，唐代伟大的浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为「诗仙」，与杜甫并称「李杜」。此诗为李白入永王李璘幕府时作，写其以谢安自比、欲靖乱立功。李白受永王征召，此诗写其建功立业的抱负。此诗写三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉；但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙。此诗写乱象：「三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉」写三川北虏乱如麻、四海南奔似永嘉——写尽四海南奔的永嘉（三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉）；「但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙」写但用东山谢安石、为君谈笑静胡沙——写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙（但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙）。全诗以功名写咏怀，写尽四海南奔的永嘉与为君谈笑的静胡沙，是理解李白咏怀诗的重要篇章。此诗写永王东巡歌其二，为李白入永王李璘幕府时所作。天宝十五载安史之乱起，李白以谢安自期，欲佐永王靖乱，此诗正是其「济苍生、安社稷」抱负的写照，也为其后获罪埋下伏笔。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the quieting. The disorder opens: the, three, rivers, the, northern, barbarians, in, the, disorder, like, the, hemp — the northern barbarians of the disorder; the, four, seas, fleeing, to, the, south, like, the, Yongjia — the fleeing of the Yongjia. The hope follows: but, use, the, An, of, the, East, Mountain, the, Shi, of, the, Xie — the An of the East Mountain; for, the, lord, talking, and, laughing, to, quiet, the, dust, of, the, Hu — the quieting of the dust — the disorder, the hope and the close's quieting, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以比喻写乱象。「三川北虏乱如麻」以比喻写乱象——那「四海南奔似永嘉」写尽四海南奔的永嘉，以比喻写尽四海南奔的永嘉。其二，以用典写功名。「但用东山谢安石」以用典写功名——那「为君谈笑静胡沙」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，以用典写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。其三，以对比写乱与靖。「乱如麻」与「静胡沙」以对比写乱与靖——那「谈笑」写尽谈笑的从容，以对比写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。其四，以豪语写抱负。「为君谈笑静胡沙」以豪语写抱负——那「但用东山谢安石」写尽东山谢安石的谢安，以豪语写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。此外，此诗前两句写四海南奔的永嘉，后两句写为君谈笑的静胡沙，由乱及靖，正是咏怀诗「以靖乱写功名」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以功名写咏怀，写尽四海南奔的永嘉与为君谈笑的静胡沙，是李白的代表作。此外，此诗还善于以「三川北虏乱如麻」的「乱如麻」写北虏之纷乱——那「乱如麻」写尽乱如麻的北虏，正是以麻写乱，以「四海南奔似永嘉」写尽似永嘉的南奔。又善以「但用东山谢安石」的「但用」写只需任用——但用东山谢安石，正见唯需谢安的写照，以「为君谈笑静胡沙」写尽静胡沙的谈笑。

Allusions

'The Yongjia' (yong jia) is the Yongjia — the reign of the Yongjia, the fleeing of the opening; 'the An of the East Mountain' (dong shan an) is the An of the East Mountain — the Xie An of the East Mountain, the use of the close; 'the dust of the Hu' (hu sha) is the dust of the Hu — the dust of the barbarians, the quieting of the close.

此诗的用语深植于咏怀与功名传统。「三川」令人想到「三川」写三川的意象——黄河、洛水、伊水，也令人想到「三川震」的意象；「北虏」令人想到「北虏」写北敌的意象——也令人想到「胡虏」的意象；「乱如麻」令人想到「乱如麻」写纷乱的意象——也令人想到「心乱如麻」的意象；「四海」令人想到「四海」写天下的意象——也令人想到「四海为家」的意象；「永嘉」令人想到「永嘉」写永嘉之乱的意象——晋永嘉年间五胡乱华，也令人想到「永嘉之乱」的意象；「东山谢安石」令人想到「东山谢安石」写谢安的意象——谢安隐居东山，也令人想到「东山再起」的意象；「谈笑」令人想到「谈笑」写谈笑的意象——也令人想到「谈笑间，樯橹灰飞烟灭」（苏轼）的意象；「胡沙」令人想到「胡沙」写胡尘的意象——也令人想到「胡沙万里」的意象。全诗化用三川、北虏、乱如麻、四海、永嘉、东山谢安石、谈笑、胡沙的意象典故，以功名写咏怀，正是李白「豪放」而善用典、承咏怀传统写功名之本领。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Li Bai's poems of the war, quoted for the disorder of its opening and the confidence of its close. The An of the East Mountain, and the quieting of the dust, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's hope: the war gathered in the strategist, to the close's laughter.

此诗历来被推为李白咏怀诗的名篇，也是唐诗写永王东巡的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以功名写咏怀，豪放俊逸」；近人更指出「但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙」写为君谈笑的静胡沙，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以七绝写尽四海南奔的永嘉与为君谈笑的静胡沙——那三川，那北虏，那乱如麻，那四海，那南奔，那似永嘉，那但用，那东山，那谢安石，那为君，那谈笑，那静胡沙，都写尽了李白笔下的永王东巡歌其二；那「为君谈笑静胡沙」更以豪语写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。此诗与李白《上李邕》「大鹏一日同风起」同为咏怀名篇，一写「扶摇直上九万里」的上李邕，一写「为君谈笑静胡沙」的永王东巡歌；一写大鹏，一写谢安。两诗对读，可见李白咏怀诗的两面。对于今日读者，此诗是理解李白咏怀诗的窗口，也是唐诗写永王东巡的经典——那为君谈笑的静胡沙，穿越千年，仍在诉说着四海南奔的永嘉。

Prosody

Form A quatrain of the war (qi yan jue ju)七言绝句

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the quatrain that carries the free hope.押「嘉」「沙」（麻韵），一韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the quieting: the level opening with the disorder, the turning with the use, and the close's fall with the dust.此诗为七言绝句，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节豪放，正合功名的豪放。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its confidence: the cadences of the quatrain, and the close — 'wei jun tan xiao jing hu sha' — falls with the dust, the sound of the hope of the war poet.此诗为七言绝句——「三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉。但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙」，押麻韵（嘉、沙），一韵到底，音节豪放。全诗以功名写咏怀：前两句写四海南奔的永嘉（三川北虏乱如麻、四海南奔似永嘉），后两句写为君谈笑的静胡沙（但用东山谢安石、为君谈笑静胡沙）。绝句短章，前写乱象，后写功名，以「为君谈笑静胡沙」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，正见李白「豪放」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以豪放的语调读「四海南奔似永嘉」的乱象，以俊逸的语调读「为君谈笑静胡沙」的功名，结句要读得豪放而有余韵，方能传达出李白的豪放俊逸。李白绝句以「俊逸」著称，此诗正是其咏怀诗的典范。

Line by line

三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉

The northern rebels in Sanchuan are tangled like hemp; the southward flight of the realm is like the Yongjia disaster.

三川北虏乱如麻，四海南奔似永嘉。

The northern rebels at Sanchuan riot like tangled hemp; the flight southward is as in the Yongjia calamity.

此二句是全诗写乱象的核心，以三川北虏乱如麻写乱如麻，以四海南奔似永嘉写似永嘉，写尽四海南奔的永嘉，是千古名句。「三川北虏乱如麻」写三川北虏乱如麻——那「三川北虏」写三川北虏，「乱如麻」写乱如麻，写尽三川北虏的乱如麻；「四海南奔似永嘉」写四海南奔似永嘉——那「四海南奔」写四海南奔，「似永嘉」写似永嘉，写尽四海南奔的永嘉。这句的深意在于：它以「三川北虏乱如麻」的乱如麻与「四海南奔似永嘉」的似永嘉，写尽四海南奔的永嘉——三川北虏乱如麻，那「三川北虏乱如麻」写尽三川北虏的乱如麻——三川北虏乱如麻，正是北虏纷乱的写照，那「乱如麻」写尽四海南奔的永嘉；四海南奔似永嘉，那「四海南奔似永嘉」写尽四海南奔的永嘉——四海南奔似永嘉，正是如晋永嘉的写照，那「永嘉」写尽四海南奔的永嘉；那「三川北虏乱如麻」写尽三川北虏的乱如麻，那「四海南奔似永嘉」写尽四海南奔的永嘉，一写乱如麻，一写似永嘉，写尽四海南奔的永嘉——北虏纷乱而四海南奔，正是乱世的写照；此二句以乱如麻、似永嘉写尽四海南奔的永嘉，也为下文的静胡沙作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写乱象的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「三川一带北虏作乱如麻，天下人南奔像永嘉之乱」，则失其沉痛；唯以「三川北虏乱如麻」写乱如麻、「四海南奔似永嘉」写似永嘉，写尽四海南奔的永嘉，也让此二句成为全诗写乱象的核心。

These lines are the disorder heart of the poem, the rebels tangled like hemp and the southward flight like Yongjia. 'The northern rebels at Sanchuan tangled like hemp' writes the An Lushan rebellion's chaos in the central plain; 'the southward flight, like Yongjia' compares it to the Jin dynasty's Yongjia disaster, when the court fled south before the barbarians. The historical allusion measures the present crisis. If stated as 'the north is in chaos and people flee south,' the weight would vanish; only through the 'tangled like hemp' and the Yongjia comparison does the disorder become historical.

但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙

But employ Xie An of the Eastern Hills, and for you, over wine and talk, he will pacify the barbarian dust.

但用东山谢安石，为君谈笑静胡沙。

Only employ Xie An of Dongshan, and for you, in calm conversation, he will quiet the northern dust.

此二句是全诗写功名的核心，以但用东山谢安石写谢安石，以为君谈笑静胡沙写静胡沙，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，是千古名句。「但用东山谢安石」写但用东山谢安石——那「但用东山」写但用东山，「谢安石」写谢安石，写尽东山谢安的安石；「为君谈笑静胡沙」写为君谈笑静胡沙——那「为君谈笑」写为君谈笑，「静胡沙」写静胡沙，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。这句的深意在于：它以「但用东山谢安石」的谢安石与「为君谈笑静胡沙」的静胡沙，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙——但用东山谢安石，那「但用东山谢安石」写尽东山谢安的安石——但用东山谢安石，正是只要用谢安的写照，那「谢安石」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙；为君谈笑静胡沙，那「为君谈笑静胡沙」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙——为君谈笑静胡沙，正是谈笑靖乱的写照，那「静胡沙」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙；那「但用东山谢安石」写尽东山谢安的安石，那「为君谈笑静胡沙」写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，一写谢安石，一写静胡沙，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙——只要谢安而谈笑靖乱，正是功名的写照；此二句以谢安石、静胡沙写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，也让此二句成为全诗写功名的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「只要用东山的谢安石，就能为君谈笑间平定胡尘」，则失其豪放；唯以「但用东山谢安石」写谢安石、「为君谈笑静胡沙」写静胡沙，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，也让此二句成为全诗写功名的核心。

These lines are the glory heart of the poem, Xie An of the Eastern Hills pacifying the rebel dust over wine. 'But employ Xie An of the Eastern Hills' alludes to Xie An, who for long years lived in retirement at the Eastern Hills, then took command and defeated the great invasion at the Battle of the Fei River; 'for you, over talk, pacify the barbarian dust' pictures him calming the war with the ease of conversation. Li Bai casts himself as Xie An, ready to settle the rebellion with a general's flair. If stated as 'if Xie An were used he'd end the war,' the bravado would vanish; only through the Eastern Hills retirement and the 'over talk' pacification does the heroism become grand.

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Word focus

乱 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「三川北虏乱如麻」之「乱」字是写乱象关键词，一个「乱」字写尽三川北虏的乱如麻。乱者，纷乱、扰乱也。李白以「三川北虏乱如麻」写乱象，这个「乱」字至少有双重意味：其一，写虏之乱——那「三川北虏乱如麻」写三川北虏乱如麻，那「乱」字写尽三川北虏的乱如麻——乱如麻，正是纷乱如麻的写照，那「乱」字写尽三川北虏的乱如麻；其二，写世之乱——那「乱」字更是写乱——乱，正见天下大乱的局面，那「乱」字写尽李白的咏怀。以「乱」字写乱象，正是李白写咏怀的枢纽——若换作「扰」「纷」等字，则或失其与「三川北虏」「乱如麻」的配合，或失其写乱的意味；唯「乱」字，以三川北虏乱如麻写尽北虏之纷乱与乱局之如麻，与「四海南奔似永嘉」的永嘉相合，写尽三川北虏的乱如麻，也让「三川北虏乱如麻」成为全诗写乱象的名句。

静 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「为君谈笑静胡沙」之「静」字是写功名关键词，一个「静」字写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙。静者，平定、安宁也。李白以「为君谈笑静胡沙」写功名，这个「静」字至少有双重意味：其一，写沙之静——那「为君谈笑静胡沙」写为君谈笑静胡沙，那「静」字写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙——静胡沙，正是平定胡尘的写照，那「静」字写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙；其二，写功之伟——那「静」字更是写伟——静，正见谈笑平乱的伟功，那「静」字写尽李白的咏怀。以「静」字写功名，正是李白写咏怀的枢纽——若换作「平」「定」等字，则或失其与「为君谈笑」「静胡沙」的配合，或失其写静的意味；唯「静」字，以为君谈笑静胡沙写尽胡沙之平定与谈笑之从容，与「但用东山谢安石」的谢安相合，写尽为君谈笑的静胡沙，也让「为君谈笑静胡沙」成为全诗写功名的名句。