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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

永遇乐·彭城夜宿燕子楼

The, Song, of, the, Eternal, Joy: Lodging, for, the, Night, in, the, Tower, of, the, Swallows, at, Pengcheng

苏轼

Su Shi

怀古History 感慨Theme

明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限。
曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见。
紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断。
夜茫茫，重寻无处，觉来小园行遍。
天涯倦客，山中归路，望断故园心眼。
燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕。
古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨。
异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹。

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Meaning

A lyric of the tower and the dream, written by Su Shi. The bright moon like the frost, the good wind like the water, the clear scenes without the limit — the scenes of the opening. The winding harbor the leaping fish, the round lotus the dripping dew, lonely and solitary no one seeing — the quiet of the middle. The tower of the swallows empty, the beautiful woman where is she, empty the locked swallows in the tower — the emptiness of the middle. And the close's the past and the present like the dream, when ever have the dreams awoken, but having the old joys the new resentments, at the other time facing the Yellow Tower the night scenes for me the long sighs — the close's sighs. The lyric is the tower and the dream: the scenes, the emptiness, and the close's sighs.

明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限。曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见。紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断。夜茫茫，重寻无处，觉来小园行遍。天涯倦客，山中归路，望断故园心眼。燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕。古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨。异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, bright, moon, like, the, frost, the, good, wind, like, the, water, the, clear, scenes, without, the, limit. The, winding, harbor, the, leaping, fish, the, round, lotus, the, dripping, dew, lonely, and, solitary, no, one, seeing. The, drums, like, the, three, watches, the, clattering, one, leaf, the, dark, and, the, dark, the, dreams, of, the, clouds, startled, and, broken. The, night, vast, and, vast, again, seeking, nowhere, awaking, finding, the, small, garden, walked, all, over. The, traveler, weary, of, the, world, in, the, mountains, the, road, of, the, return, gazing, to, the, end, the, eyes, and, the, heart, of, the, homeland. The, tower, of, the, swallows, empty, the, beautiful, woman, where, is, she, empty, the, locked, swallows, in, the, tower. The, past, and, the, present, like, the, dream, when, ever, have, the, dreams, awoken, but, having, the, old, joys, the, new, resentments. At, the, other, time, facing, the, Yellow, Tower, the, night, scenes, for, me, the, long, sighs. [Structure and Thought] The lyric moves from the scenes of the bright moon with the leaping fish, through the emptiness of the empty tower with the beautiful woman, to the close's the sighs of the Yellow Tower. [Key Technique] The lyric's art is the close of the sighs: the tower of the swallows empty the beautiful woman where is she, and the close's the past and the present like the dream when ever have the dreams awoken but having the old joys the new resentments at the other time facing the Yellow Tower the night scenes for me the long sighs — the tower gathered in the emptiness and the close's sighs. [Emotional Tone] Clear, sorrowful, and profound: the lyric is the scenes, the dream and the close's sighs.

【白话串讲】苏轼写《永遇乐·彭城夜宿燕子楼》：“明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限”——“曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见”——“紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断”——“燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕”——他夜宿燕子楼——燕子楼空，佳人何在。【意象与手法】此词写夜宿燕子楼的感慨，以景写孤寂，以典故写感慨，是苏轼的名篇。上阕写夜宿的景色：「明月如霜」写明月如霜，「好风如水」写好风如水，「清景无限」写清景无限，「曲港跳鱼」写曲港跳鱼，「圆荷泻露」写圆荷泻露，「寂寞无人见」写寂寞无人见，「紞如三鼓」写紞如三鼓，「铿然一叶」写铿然一叶，「黯黯梦云惊断」写黯黯梦云惊断，「夜茫茫」写夜茫茫，「重寻无处」写重寻无处，「觉来小园行遍」写觉来小园行遍；下阕写感慨：「天涯倦客」写天涯倦客，「山中归路」写山中归路，「望断故园心眼」写望断故园心眼，「燕子楼空」写燕子楼空，「佳人何在」写佳人何在，「空锁楼中燕」写空锁楼中燕，「古今如梦」写古今如梦，「何曾梦觉」写何曾梦觉，「但有旧欢新怨」写但有旧欢新怨，「异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹」写异时对黄楼夜景为余浩叹。全词以景写孤寂、以典故写感慨，写尽古今如梦的感慨，是苏轼的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写夜宿燕子楼的感慨，以景写孤寂，以典故写感慨，是苏轼的名篇。此词作于宋神宗元丰元年（1078），苏轼知徐州时，夜宿燕子楼而作。燕子楼在徐州，传为唐代张愔之妾关盼盼所居，张愔死后，关盼盼独居燕子楼十余年不嫁，后绝食而死。此词写夜宿燕子楼：明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限——写明月如霜、好风如水、清景无限；曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见——写曲港跳鱼、圆荷泻露、寂寞无人见；紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断——写三鼓紞然、一叶铿然、黯黯梦云惊断；夜茫茫，重寻无处，觉来小园行遍——写夜茫茫重寻无处、觉来小园行遍；天涯倦客，山中归路，望断故园心眼——写天涯倦客、山中归路、望断故园心眼；燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕——写燕子楼空、佳人何在、空锁楼中燕；古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨——写古今如梦、何曾梦觉、但有旧欢新怨；异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹——写异时对着黄楼夜景、为余浩叹。全词以景写孤寂——那「寂寞无人见」写尽夜景的孤寂，「燕子楼空，佳人何在」写尽物是人非；以典故写感慨——那燕子楼、关盼盼的典故写尽古今如梦，写尽古今如梦的感慨，是理解苏轼怀古词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕」写物是人非的感慨；「古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨」写古今如梦的感慨；「明月如霜，好风如水」写夜景的明净；以及全词以景写孤寂、以典故写感慨的手法。

Background

Su Shi (1037-1101), the great poet of the Song, wrote this 'The, Song, of, the, Eternal, Joy: Lodging, for, the, Night, in, the, Tower, of, the, Swallows' of the tower and the dream — the dream of the night in the tower of the swallows. The scenes of the bright moon with the leaping fish, the emptiness of the tower, and the close's the sighs of the Yellow Tower — the lyric gathers the sorrow of the poet, the meditation of the dream. The lyric is one of the famous works of the poet's lyrics of the dream.

此词写夜宿燕子楼的感慨，以景写孤寂，以典故写感慨，是苏轼的名篇。苏轼（1037—1101），字子瞻，号东坡居士，眉州眉山（今四川眉山）人，北宋伟大的文学家，是宋词豪放派的代表。此词作于宋神宗元丰元年（1078），苏轼知徐州时，夜宿燕子楼而作。燕子楼在徐州，传为唐代张愔之妾关盼盼所居，张愔死后，关盼盼独居燕子楼十余年不嫁，后绝食而死。此词写夜宿燕子楼：「明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限」写明月如霜、好风如水、清景无限；「曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见」写曲港跳鱼、圆荷泻露、寂寞无人见；「紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断」写三鼓紞然、一叶铿然、黯黯梦云惊断——梦云用楚王梦巫山神女之典；「夜茫茫，重寻无处，觉来小园行遍」写夜茫茫重寻无处、觉来小园行遍；「天涯倦客，山中归路，望断故园心眼」写天涯倦客、山中归路、望断故园心眼；「燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕」写燕子楼空、佳人何在、空锁楼中燕；「古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨」写古今如梦、何曾梦觉、但有旧欢新怨；「异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹」写异时对着黄楼夜景、为余浩叹。全词以景写孤寂，以典故写感慨，写尽古今如梦的感慨，是理解苏轼怀古词的重要篇章。

Art

The lyric's art is the art of the sighs. The scenes open: the, bright, moon, like, the, frost — the moon of the frost; the, good, wind, like, the, water — the wind of the water; the, clear, scenes, without, the, limit — the scenes of the limit; the, winding, harbor, the, leaping, fish — the leaping fish of the winding harbor; the, round, lotus, the, dripping, dew — the dripping dew of the round lotus; lonely, and, solitary, no, one, seeing — the lonely of the seeing. The dream follows: the, drums, like, the, three, watches — the drums of the watches; the, clattering, one, leaf — the leaf of the clattering; the, dark, and, the, dark, the, dreams, of, the, clouds, startled, and, broken — the dreams of the clouds; the, night, vast, and, vast — the night of the vast; again, seeking, nowhere — the seeking of the nowhere; awaking, finding, the, small, garden, walked, all, over — the small garden of the walked; the, traveler, weary, of, the, world — the traveler of the weary; in, the, mountains, the, road, of, the, return — the road of the return; gazing, to, the, end, the, eyes, and, the, heart, of, the, homeland — the eyes and the heart of the homeland. The emptiness follows: the, tower, of, the, swallows, empty — the tower of the swallows; the, beautiful, woman, where, is, she — the beautiful woman of the where; empty, the, locked, swallows, in, the, tower — the locked swallows of the empty. And the close gathers the sighs: the, past, and, the, present, like, the, dream — the past and the present of the dream; when, ever, have, the, dreams, awoken — the dreams of the awoken; but, having, the, old, joys, the, new, resentments — the old joys of the new resentments; at, the, other, time, facing — the other time of the facing; the, Yellow, Tower, the, night, scenes — the night scenes of the Yellow Tower; for, me, the, long, sighs — the long sighs of the close — the scenes, the dream and the close's sighs, gathered in the lyric.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以比喻写夜景。起三句「明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限」以比喻写夜景——那「明月如霜」写尽月色如霜的皎洁，「好风如水」写尽好风如水的清爽，以比喻写尽夜景的明净。其二，以静景写孤寂。「曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见」以静景写孤寂——那「曲港跳鱼」「圆荷泻露」写尽景物的动态，「寂寞无人见」写尽无人见的寂寞，以静景写尽孤寂。其三，以典故写感慨。「紞如三鼓，黯黯梦云惊断」用梦云之典写梦断，「燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕」用燕子楼关盼盼之典写物是人非，以典故写尽感慨。其四，以议论写如梦。「古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨」以议论写如梦——那「古今如梦」写尽古今如梦，「何曾梦觉」以反问写何曾梦觉，以议论写尽古今如梦的感慨。四重手法，使此词以景写孤寂、以典故写感慨，写尽古今如梦的感慨，是苏轼的代表作。

Allusions

'The tower of the swallows' (yan zi lou) is the tower of the swallows — the tower of the Zhang Yan, the lodging of the opening; 'the dreams of the clouds' (meng yun) are the dreams of the clouds — the dreams of the clouds, the startled of the middle; 'the Yellow Tower' (huang lou) is the Yellow Tower — the tower of the yellow, the scenes of the close.

此词的用语深植于怀古与梦境的传统。「明月如霜」令人想到「明月如霜」写月色如霜的意象——「月落乌啼霜满天」（张继），也令人想到「如霜」写月色皎洁的意象；「好风如水」令人想到「好风」写好风的意象——「好风凭借力」（曹雪芹），也令人想到「如水」写风清的意象；「曲港跳鱼」令人想到「曲港」写弯曲水港的意象，也令人想到「跳鱼」写鱼跃的意象；「圆荷泻露」令人想到「圆荷」写荷叶的意象——「荷尽已无擎雨盖」，也令人想到「泻露」写露珠滚落的意象；「寂寞无人见」令人想到「寂寞」写清冷的意象，也令人想到「无人见」写无人观赏的意象；「紞如三鼓」令人想到「紞如」写鼓声的意象——「紞如」写击鼓声，也令人想到「三鼓」写三更鼓的意象；「铿然一叶」令人想到「铿然」写铿锵之音的意象，也令人想到「一叶」写落叶的意象；「黯黯梦云惊断」用梦云之典——楚王梦巫山神女，「旦为朝云，暮为行雨」，令人想到「梦云」写梦境的意象，也令人想到「惊断」写梦惊断的意象；「夜茫茫」令人想到「夜茫茫」写夜色苍茫的意象——「夜茫茫」正是苏轼的名句；「重寻无处」令人想到「重寻」写再寻的意象，也令人想到「无处」写无处可寻的意象；「天涯倦客」令人想到「天涯」写远方的意象——「天涯何处无芳草」，也令人想到「倦客」写厌倦飘泊之人的意象；「山中归路」令人想到「归路」写归途的意象，也令人想到「山中」写山中的意象；「望断故园心眼」令人想到「望断」写望尽的意象——「望尽天涯路」，也令人想到「故园心眼」写思念故园的心眼；「燕子楼空」用燕子楼之典——唐代张愔之妾关盼盼居燕子楼，张愔死后独居十余年，令人想到「燕子楼」写燕子楼的典故，也令人想到「燕子楼空」写人去楼空的意象；「佳人何在」令人想到「佳人」写美人的意象——「北方有佳人」，也令人想到「何在」写何在的意象；「空锁楼中燕」令人想到「空锁」写空锁的意象，也令人想到「楼中燕」写楼中燕子的意象；「古今如梦」令人想到「古今如梦」写古今如梦幻的意象——「古今多少事，都付笑谈中」（杨慎），也令人想到「人生如梦」的感慨；「何曾梦觉」令人想到「梦觉」写梦醒的意象，也令人想到「何曾」写何曾的反问；「但有旧欢新怨」令人想到「旧欢新怨」写旧日欢爱、今朝怨的意象；「黄楼夜景」令人想到「黄楼」写苏轼所筑黄楼的意象——苏轼在徐州筑黄楼，也令人想到「夜景」写夜景的意象；「为余浩叹」令人想到「浩叹」写长叹的意象——「为之浩叹」。全词化用梦云、燕子楼、黄楼、古今如梦的典故与意象，以景写孤寂、以典故写感慨，正是苏轼「豪放旷达」而善用典、承怀古感慨传统写如梦的本领。

Commentary

This lyric is one of the famous works of Su Shi's lyrics of the dream, quoted for the clearness of its opening and the profundity of its close. The leaping fish of the winding harbor, and the long sighs of the Yellow Tower, are among the admired passages of the poet's lyrics. Critics praise the lyric's meditation: the tower gathered in the emptiness, to the close's sighs.

此词历来被推为苏轼怀古词的名篇，也是宋词写梦境感慨的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以景写孤寂、以典故写感慨，空灵深婉」；近人更指出「燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕」写物是人非，「古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨」写古今如梦，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以十二句的长调写尽夜宿燕子楼的孤寂与古今如梦的感慨——那如霜的明月，那如水的好风，那无人见的寂寞，那惊断的梦云，那茫茫的夜，那无处重寻的小园，那天涯的倦客，那望断的故园心眼，那空锁楼中燕的燕子楼，那古今如梦的感慨，那旧欢新怨，那黄楼夜景的浩叹，都写尽了苏轼夜宿燕子楼的感慨；那「燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕」更写尽物是人非。此词与苏轼的《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》（「大江东去，浪淘尽、千古风流人物」）同为怀古名篇，一写赤壁的壮阔，一写燕子楼的空灵；又与关盼盼燕子楼的典故一脉相承，可见中国文人写人去楼空的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解苏轼怀古词的窗口，也是中国词写古今如梦的经典——那空锁楼中的燕子，穿越千年，仍在诉说着物是人非的感慨。

Prosody

Form A lyric of the tune of the Eternal Joy (ci)词·永遇乐（长调）

Rhyme The lyric rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the profound meditation.永遇乐，押「限」「见」「断」「遍」「眼」「燕」「怨」「叹」韵（去声十七霰、十五翰），一韵到底，音节婉转

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the sighs: the level opening with the scenes, the turning with the emptiness, and the close's fall with the sighs.此词为永遇乐，双调一百零四字，押仄声韵，一韵到底，音节婉转，正合感慨的婉转。

Reading note The lyric's sound matches its meditation: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'wei yu hao tan' — falls with the sighs, the sound of the dream of the tower poet.此词为永遇乐，双调，上阕「明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限。曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见。紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断。夜茫茫，重寻无处，觉来小园行遍」，下阕「天涯倦客，山中归路，望断故园心眼。燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕。古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨。异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹」，押仄声韵（限、见、断、遍、眼、燕、怨、叹），一韵到底，音节婉转。全词以景写孤寂、以典故写感慨：上阕写夜宿的景色（明月如霜，好风如水，清景无限；曲港跳鱼，圆荷泻露，寂寞无人见；紞如三鼓，铿然一叶，黯黯梦云惊断；夜茫茫，重寻无处，觉来小园行遍），下阕写感慨（天涯倦客，山中归路，望断故园心眼；燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕；古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨；异时对，黄楼夜景，为余浩叹）。诵读此词，宜以空灵的语调读「明月如霜，好风如水」的夜景，以感慨的语调读「燕子楼空，佳人何在」的物是人非，结句「为余浩叹」要读得深长而有余韵，方能传达出苏轼的空灵深婉。苏轼词以「豪放旷达」著称，此词正是其怀古感慨长调的典范。

Line by line

燕子楼空，佳人何在，空锁楼中燕

The Swallow Tower is empty; where is the fair one? Empty, it locks in only the swallows of the tower.

燕子楼空，佳人何在？空自锁着楼中燕。

The Swallow Tower stands empty; where is the beauty? Vainly it locks up the swallows within.

此三句是全词写感慨的核心，以燕子楼空写物是人非，是千古名句。「燕子楼空」写燕子楼空——那「燕子楼」用关盼盼燕子楼之典，「空」写楼已空，写尽人去楼空；「佳人何在」写佳人何在——那「佳人」写关盼盼，「何在」以反问写何在，写尽佳人的消逝；「空锁楼中燕」写空自锁着楼中燕——那「空锁」写空自锁着，「楼中燕」写楼中的燕子，写尽楼空的寂寞。这句的深意在于：它以「燕子楼空」的楼空与「佳人何在」的反问与「空锁楼中燕」的燕子，写尽物是人非的感慨——燕子楼空，那「燕子楼」用关盼盼之典写尽燕子楼的往事——当年关盼盼居此楼，独守十余年，如今楼已空，那「空」写尽人去楼空；佳人何在？那「佳人何在」以反问写尽佳人的消逝——关盼盼已逝，佳人何在？那「何在」写尽物是人非；空自锁着楼中燕，那「空锁楼中燕」写尽楼空的寂寞——楼中唯余燕子，空自飞去飞来，那「空锁」写尽楼空的寂寞；那「燕子楼空」写尽楼空，那「佳人何在」写尽人逝，那「空锁楼中燕」写尽寂寞，一写楼空，一写人逝，一写寂寞，写尽物是人非的感慨——这正是「古今如梦」的注脚：燕子楼中的佳人已逝，唯有燕子空锁楼中；此三句以燕子楼之典写尽物是人非，也让此三句成为全词写感慨的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「楼空了人没了」，则失其用典；唯以「燕子楼空」写楼空、「佳人何在」写人逝、「空锁楼中燕」写寂寞，写尽物是人非，也让此三句成为全词写感慨的核心。

These three lines are the reflection heart of the ci, the empty Swallow Tower and the vanished fair one. 'The Swallow Tower is empty' alludes to Guan Panpan, the widow who lived here alone for a decade; 'where is the fair one?' asks her absence; 'empty, it locks in only the swallows' leaves the tower to the birds. The triple 'empty' hollows out the site—woman gone, tower bare, only swallows. If stated as 'the tower is empty and she is gone,' the allusive depth would vanish; only through the Swallow Tower and the locked-in swallows does the past become a ruin.

古今如梦，何曾梦觉，但有旧欢新怨

Past and present are a dream; when has anyone waked from it? There are only old joys and new griefs.

古今如梦，何曾梦醒？只有旧欢新怨。

Ancient and modern are a dream; has anyone ever woken from it? Only old joys and new resentments remain.

此三句是全词写如梦的核心，以古今如梦写感慨，是千古名句。「古今如梦」写古今如梦——那「古今」写古今，「如梦」写如梦，写尽古今如梦的感慨；「何曾梦觉」写何曾梦醒——那「何曾」以反问写何曾，「梦觉」写梦醒，写尽从无梦醒；「但有旧欢新怨」写只有旧欢新怨——那「但有」写只有，「旧欢新怨」写旧日欢爱、今朝怨，写尽人间的悲欢。这句的深意在于：它以「古今如梦」的如梦与「何曾梦觉」的反问与「但有旧欢新怨」的悲欢，写尽古今如梦的深沉感慨——古今如梦，那「古今如梦」写尽古今如梦——从古至今，万事如梦，那「如梦」写尽历史的虚幻；何曾梦醒？那「何曾梦觉」以反问写尽从无梦醒——古今如梦，却何曾有人梦醒？那「何曾梦觉」写尽身处梦中的执着；只有旧欢新怨，那「但有旧欢新怨」写尽人间的悲欢——梦虽未醒，其中唯有旧日欢爱、今朝新怨，那「旧欢新怨」写尽人间的悲欢；那「古今如梦」写尽历史的虚幻，那「何曾梦觉」写尽梦中的执着，那「但有旧欢新怨」写尽人间的悲欢，一写如梦，一写梦觉，一写悲欢，写尽古今如梦的深沉感慨——这正是夜宿燕子楼、面对人去楼空的感慨：古今如梦，唯有旧欢新怨；此三句以议论写尽古今如梦，也让此三句成为全词写如梦的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「历史就像梦一样」，则失其感慨；唯以「古今如梦」写如梦、「何曾梦觉」写梦中、「但有旧欢新怨」写悲欢，写尽古今如梦的感慨，也让此三句成为全词写如梦的核心。

These three lines are the dream heart of the ci, past and present a dream never waked. 'Past and present are a dream' opens the philosophic view; 'when has anyone waked from it?' asks, and answers no; 'there are only old joys and new griefs' says the dream is filled only with human loves and wrongs. The three clauses turn the empty tower into the whole of history—a dream no one escapes, crowded with passing joys and griefs. If stated as 'history is like a dream,' the depth would fade; only through 'when has anyone waked' and 'old joys and new griefs' does the dream become inhabited.

Study

Word focus

空 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「燕子楼空」之「空」字是写感慨的关键字，一个「空」字写尽人去楼空的感慨。空者，空无、空空也。苏轼以「燕子楼空」写燕子楼，这个「空」字至少有双重意味：其一，写楼空之寂——那「燕子楼空」写燕子楼空，那「空」字写尽楼中无人的空寂——人去楼空，唯余空楼；其二，写感慨之深——那「空」字更是写感慨——燕子楼空，正是物是人非的写照，那「空」字写尽古今如梦的感慨。以「空」字写感慨，正是苏轼写物是人非的枢纽——若换作「寂」「虚」等字，则或失其与「佳人何在」的配合，或失其写人去楼空的凝练；唯「空」字，以一字写尽燕子楼人去楼空的空寂与古今如梦的感慨，与「佳人何在」的反问、「空锁楼中燕」的寂寞相合，写尽物是人非，也让「燕子楼空」成为全词写感慨的名句。

梦觉 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「何曾梦觉」之「梦觉」是写如梦的关键词，一个「梦觉」写尽梦醒的意象。梦觉者，梦醒也。苏轼以「何曾梦觉」写古今，这个「梦觉」至少有双重意味：其一，写梦醒之无——那「古今如梦，何曾梦觉」写古今如梦、何曾梦醒，那「梦觉」写尽梦醒——而何曾梦觉，写尽从无梦醒；其二，写感慨之深——那「梦觉」更是写感慨——古今如梦而不觉，正见身处梦中的执着，那「梦觉」写尽古今如梦的深沉感慨。以「梦觉」写如梦，正是苏轼写感慨的枢纽——若换作「梦醒」「觉醒」等词，则或失其与「古今如梦」的呼应，或失其写梦醒的凝练；唯「梦觉」二字，以梦醒写尽古今如梦而从未梦醒的感慨，与「但有旧欢新怨」的悲欢相合，写尽古今如梦的感慨，也让「何曾梦觉」成为全词写如梦的名句。