元 Yuan · 曲 Qu song
雁儿落兼得胜令·退隐
Yan'erluo with Deshengling: Retirement
云来山更佳，云去山如画。
山因云晦明，云共山高下。
倚杖立云沙，回首见山家。
野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花。
云霞，我爱山无价。
看时行踏，云山也爱咱。
When clouds go the hills are like a painting.
Hills darken and brighten by the clouds,
Clouds rise and fall with the hills.
Leaning on my staff I stand on the cloud-sand,
Turning my head I see the mountain home.
Wild deer sleep on the mountain grass,
Mountain apes play with the wild flowers.
Clouds and rosy light—I love these hills beyond price;
As I stroll and tread, the cloud-hills love me too.
Meaning
The song celebrates the poet's retirement among mountains and clouds, expressing a fervent love of nature and a self-forgetful union of self and scene.
云来了山色更妙，云去了山如画卷。山因云而忽明忽暗，云与山一高一低。拄杖立在云沙之上，回头望见山间人家。野鹿眠在山上草间，山猿戏弄着野花。云霞啊，我爱这山无价；看我闲行踏访，云山也喜爱我。
Appreciation
The opening builds a living dialogue between cloud and hill—coming, going, darkening, brightening—so that the landscape seems to breathe. Repetition and anadiplosis ('cloud... hill... cloud... hill') give the lines a chant-like music. The closing personification, 'the cloud-hills love me too,' is the heart of the piece: not merely the poet loving nature, but nature loving him back, a playful, tender vision of self and world as one.
【白话串讲】 “云来山更佳，云去山如画”——张养浩写退隐后的山居：云来云去，山都是画。“野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花”——野鹿在草丛睡，山猿在花间玩。“我爱山无价”——他爱山，山也爱他。归隐生活的快乐。 【意象与手法】以“云”与“山”的互动（来、去、晦明、高下）构景，反复咏叹，末以“云山也爱咱”拟人收束，活泼多趣。 【情感与主旨】写退隐后流连山水的自得，表达对自然之爱的炽热与物我两忘的情趣。 【名句点睛】“云山也爱咱”——以拟人写物我相亲，俏皮而深情。
Background
Zhang Yanghao was a master of Yuan songs (sanqu). This combined song writes the pleasure of mountain-and-water living in his retirement.
《雁儿落兼得胜令·退隐》为元代张养浩所作，是写退隐山林、云山相爱的散曲。张养浩（1270—1329），字希孟，号云庄，济南人，元代散曲家。此曲：云来山更佳，云去山如画。山因云晦明，云共山高下。倚杖立云沙，回首见山家。野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花。云霞，我爱山无价。看时行踏，云山也爱咱。全曲写退隐山林、云山相爱，是张养浩散曲的名篇。
Art
Anadiplosis and repetition (cloud, hill alternating); personified close; plain, lively language true to the form.
《雁儿落兼得胜令·退隐》艺术上以云山之景的描摹与云山相爱的旷达见长。全曲两段：前段写云山——“云来山更佳，云去山如画。山因云晦明，云共山高下。倚杖立云沙，回首见山家。野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花”写云来山更佳、云去山如画、山因云晦明、云共山高下、倚杖立云沙、回首见山家、野鹿眠山草、山猿戏野花；后段写我爱山——“云霞，我爱山无价。看时行踏，云山也爱咱”写云霞、我爱山无价、看时行踏、云山也爱咱。全曲以云山之景写云山相爱，正是张养浩散曲旷达的笔法。
Allusions
Allusions in 'Yan'erluo with Deshengling - Retirement' run through 'the clouds coming,' 'the mountains as in a painting,' 'the clouds' darkening and brightening,' 'the mist of cloud and sand,' 'the mountain household,' 'the wild deer,' 'the mountain ape,' 'the rosy cloud-drifts,' 'the mountains beyond price,' and 'the cloud-mountains love me too.' Each phrase simply names what it sees; the whole song writes the joy of retiring to the hills, where clouds and mountains return one's love, its allusions natural and its magnanimity self-evident -- the manner of Zhang Yanghao's sanqu.
《雁儿落兼得胜令·退隐》用典在“云来”“山如画”“云晦明”“云沙”“山家”“野鹿”“山猿”“云霞”“山无价”“云山也爱咱”。“云来”写云来；“山如画”写山如画；“云晦明”写云晦明；“云沙”写云沙（云山之际）；“山家”写山家；“野鹿”“山猿”写野鹿山猿；“云霞”写云霞；“山无价”写山无价；“云山也爱咱”写云山也爱咱。全曲以这些意象写退隐山林、云山相爱，用典自然而旷达自见，正是张养浩散曲的笔法。
Commentary
Critics said 'cloud and hill in love—a foolish, delightful charm.'
《雁儿落兼得胜令·退隐》是张养浩散曲的名篇，也是元散曲中写隐逸旷达的代表作。此曲写退隐山林、云山相爱，向为论者称道。论者多赏其云山之景的描摹与云山相爱的旷达——“云来山更佳，云去山如画。山因云晦明，云共山高下”写云来山更佳、云去山如画、山因云晦明、云共山高下，旷达之极；“云霞，我爱山无价。看时行踏，云山也爱咱”写云霞、我爱山无价、看时行踏、云山也爱咱，更见其乐。张养浩退隐后所作山水散曲，此曲正是其代表——以云山之景写云山相爱，正是其曲风。
Prosody
Line by line
云来山更佳，云去山如画。山因云晦明，云共山高下。
When clouds come, the hill is fairer; when clouds go, the hill is like a painting. The hill darkens and brightens with the clouds; the clouds rise and fall with the hill.
云来山更佳，云去山如画。山因云晦明，云共山高下。
Clouds arrive, and the hill is fairer; clouds depart, and the hill is like a painting. The hill grows dark or bright with the clouds; the clouds are high or low with the hill.
首写云来山更佳、云去山如画、山因云晦明、云共山高下，是全曲写云山之景的起点。“云来山更佳，云去山如画”写云来山更佳、云去山如画——“云来山更佳，云去山如画”写云来时山更佳、云去时山如画——云来山更佳，云去山如画；“山因云晦明，云共山高下”写山因云晦明、云共山高下——“山因云晦明，云共山高下”写山因云而晦明、云与山共高下——山因云晦明，云共山高下。此数句写云来山佳、云去如画、云晦明、云高下：云来山更佳，云去山如画。山因云晦明，云共山高下。以“云来山更佳”写云来山佳、更添其美，以“山因云晦明”写山因云变、晦明相间，正是张养浩散曲写云山之景的起点——云来山佳，云共高下。
The opening writes the cloud-and-hill scene: 'when clouds come, the hill is fairer; when clouds go, the hill is like a painting' — the clouded and the cleared; 'the hill darkens and brightens with the clouds; the clouds rise and fall with the hill' — the two in mutual dependence. Zhang Yanghao's starting point for writing cloud and hill.
倚杖立云沙，回首见山家。野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花。
Leaning on my staff I stand in the cloudy sand; turning my head, I see my mountain home. Wild deer sleep in the mountain grass; mountain apes play among the wild flowers.
倚杖立云沙，回首见山家。野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花。
Leaning on my staff, I stand on the cloud-dusted sand; turning, I catch sight of my mountain home. Wild deer drowse in the hill grass; hill apes sport among the wild flowers.
中写倚杖立云沙、回首见山家、野鹿眠山草、山猿戏野花，是全曲写山居之趣的展开。“倚杖立云沙”写倚杖立云沙——“倚杖立云沙”写倚着竹杖立于云沙之间——倚杖立云沙；“回首见山家。野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花”写回首见山家、野鹿眠山草、山猿戏野花——“回首见山家”写回头望见山家——“野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花”写野鹿卧眠山草、山猿戏弄野花。此数句写倚杖云沙、回见山家、鹿眠猿戏：倚杖立云沙，回首见山家。野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花。以“倚杖立云沙”写倚杖云沙、立望之间，以“野鹿眠山草，山猿戏野花”写野鹿眠草、山猿戏花，正是张养浩散曲写山居之趣的展开——倚杖云沙，鹿眠猿戏。
The middle unfolds the joy of mountain dwelling: 'leaning on my staff I stand in the cloudy sand' — standing and gazing; 'turning my head, I see my mountain home; wild deer sleep in the mountain grass; mountain apes play among the wild flowers' — the deer at rest, the apes at play. Zhang Yanghao's unfolding of mountain life.
云霞，我爱山无价。看时行踏，云山也爱咱。
Clouds and glow — I love the hill beyond price. As I walk and wander at will, the cloud and hill love me too.
云霞，我爱山无价。看时行踏，云山也爱咱。
Clouds and dawn-glow, I love the hill beyond all price. When I walk and ramble as I please, the clouds and the hill love me too.
末写云霞、我爱山无价、看时行踏、云山也爱咱，是全曲写云山相爱的归结。“云霞，我爱山无价”写云霞、我爱山无价——“云霞，我爱山无价”写看云霞、我爱山之情无价——云霞，我爱山无价；“看时行踏，云山也爱咱”写看时行踏、云山也爱咱——“看时行踏，云山也爱咱”写看时且行且踏、云山也爱着我——看时行踏，云山也爱咱。此数句写我爱山、山也爱我：云霞，我爱山无价。看时行踏，云山也爱咱。以“我爱山无价”写我爱山之情、无价可量，以“云山也爱咱”写云山也爱我、物我相得，正是张养浩散曲写云山相爱的归结——我爱山无价，云山也爱咱。
The closing resolves the mutual love of cloud and hill: 'I love the hill beyond price' — the love beyond measure; 'the cloud and hill love me too' — thing and self in accord. Zhang Yanghao's resolution: I love the hill beyond price, the cloud and hill love me too.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
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