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元 Yuan · 诗 Poem

绝句

A Quatrain

赵孟頫

Zhao Mengfu

山水landscape 隐逸reclusion 元诗Yuan poetry 赵孟頫Zhao Mengfu 七言绝句seven-character quatrain

溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙。
门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家。

Over the stream an east wind carries willow catkins;
At the stream's head spring waters gleam with golden sand;
Late, the flute and cranes return before the gate;
One wonders if this is the jade-gathering home of the immortals.
Listen

Meaning

A spring scene of a streamside dwelling is rendered like a painting, expressing a quiet longing for a reclusive, immortal-like life.

溪水上东风吹送着柳花,溪头春水荡漾着金沙般的光泽。门前笙管鹤影归来已嫌晚了,疑心那便是仙人芝田采玉的居所。

Appreciation

The poem opens with soft spring sights—east wind, willow catkins, gleaming waters—painted in clear, bright colors. It closes by turning the ordinary streamside cottage into a dwelling of immortals through a single allusion. The tone is serene and detached, suggesting a wish for an otherworldly, reclusive calm. The whole piece reads like a scroll painting, where scene and mood fuse without strain.

【白话串讲】 赵孟頫(赵子昂)写春溪:“溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙”。“门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家”——他疑心这里住着仙人。赵孟頫书画一绝,诗也写得清丽。 【意象与手法】以“东风”“柳花”“春水”“金沙”“笙鹤”设色清丽,以“疑是芝田采玉家”用仙典收束,如入仙境。 【情感与主旨】写春日溪居的清丽如画,流露对隐逸仙境般生活的神往。 【名句点睛】“疑是芝田采玉家”——以仙家典故点化寻常溪居,清雅脱俗。

Background

Zhao Mengfu was a Yuan-dynasty painter, calligrapher, and poet, descended from the Song imperial clan. This quatrain depicts the spring scenery of his streamside retreat.

《绝句》为元代赵孟頫所作,是写溪上春景、芝田采玉的诗。赵孟頫(1254—1322),字子昂,号松雪道人,吴兴人,元代书画家、诗人。此诗:溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙。门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家。全诗写溪上春景、芝田采玉,是赵孟頫诗的名篇。

Art

The poet paints with light, refined colors—east wind, willow, golden water, flute and cranes—and closes with an immortal allusion, so the verse becomes a picture. The craft is that of a painter's brush, making scene serve mood.

《绝句》艺术上以溪上春景的描摹与芝田采玉的飘逸见长。全诗四句:首写东风柳花——“溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙”写溪上东风吹柳花、溪头春水带金沙;末写笙鹤芝田——“门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家”写门前笙鹤归时晚、疑是芝田采玉家。全诗以溪上春景写芝田采玉,正是赵孟頫诗飘逸的笔法。

Allusions

The phrase 'jade-gathering home of the immortals' draws on the legend of the immortals' field of zhi fungus, where immortals gather jade—used here to suggest the cottage is a fairy abode.

《绝句》用典在“东风”“柳花”“春水带金沙”“笙鹤”“芝田采玉”。“东风”写东风;“柳花”写柳花;“春水带金沙”写春水带金沙;“笙鹤”用笙鹤之典(仙人骑鹤吹笙);“芝田采玉”用芝田之典(仙人所居芝田)。全诗以这些意象写溪上春景、芝田采玉,用典自然而飘逸自见,正是赵孟頫诗的笔法。

Commentary

Critics have said his verse carries the brushwork of his painting, clear and refined, free of worldly dust.

《绝句》是赵孟頫诗的名篇,也是元诗中写溪山逸趣的代表作。此诗写溪上春景、芝田采玉,向为论者称道。论者多赏其溪上春景的描摹与芝田采玉的飘逸——“溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙”写溪上东风吹柳花、溪头春水带金沙,飘逸之极;“门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家”用笙鹤芝田之典写门前笙鹤归时晚、疑是芝田采玉家,更见其仙。赵孟頫为书画大家,诗亦清逸,此诗正是其代表——以溪上春景写芝田采玉,正是其诗风。

Prosody

Form Seven-character quatrain七言绝句
Rhyme Hua, sha, jia — level-tone jia-ma rhyme《绝句》为七言绝句,四句,押平声韵。此诗用韵:花、沙(麻部),家(麻部),一韵到底,音节飘逸。
Tone pattern Level onset, level close七言绝句以音节飘逸、情致清逸见长。此诗写溪上春景、芝田采玉,音节飘逸而清逸。全诗以七言贯底,声调与溪山逸趣的内容相合,是赵孟頫诗中飘逸的一路。
Reading note Lines 1, 2, and 4 rhyme in the level-tone jia-ma group; the whole is clear and picture-like.《绝句》为元代赵孟頫所作,是写溪上春景、芝田采玉的诗。此诗以“溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙”写溪上春景,以“门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家”写芝田采玉。写溪上春景、芝田采玉,正是赵孟頫诗的名篇。

Line by line

溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙。

Over the stream, the east wind blows the willow catkins; at the streamhead, the spring water carries golden sand.

溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙。

Above the stream the east wind blows willow flowers; at the stream's head the spring water carries golden sand.

首写溪上东风吹柳花、溪头春水带金沙,是全诗写溪上春景的起点。“溪上东风吹柳花”写溪上东风吹柳花——“溪上东风吹柳花”写溪上东风吹拂柳花——溪上东风吹柳花;“溪头春水带金沙”写溪头春水带金沙——“溪头春水带金沙”写溪头春水带着金沙——溪头春水带金沙。二句写溪上东风吹柳花、溪头春水带金沙:溪上东风吹柳花,溪头春水带金沙。以“溪上东风吹柳花”写溪上东风、吹拂柳花,以“溪头春水带金沙”写溪头春水、淘带金沙,正是赵孟頫诗写溪上春景的起点——东风柳花,春水金沙。

The opening writes the spring scene by the stream: 'over the stream, the east wind blows the willow catkins' — the wind among the willow down; 'at the streamhead, the spring water carries golden sand' — the water washing the gold. Zhao Mengfu's starting point for the spring stream.

门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家。

At the door, the piped cranes return late; I wonder if this is the home of jade-gatherers by the magic fields.

门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家。

Before the door, the piped cranes are late in returning; I suspect this is the house of those who gather jade by the magic fields.

末用笙鹤芝田之典写门前笙鹤归时晚、疑是芝田采玉家,是全诗写芝田采玉的归结。“门前笙鹤归时晚”用笙鹤之典写门前笙鹤归时晚——“门前笙鹤归时晚”用仙人骑鹤之典写门前笙鹤、归来已晚——门前笙鹤归时晚;“疑是芝田采玉家”用芝田之典写疑是芝田采玉家——“疑是芝田采玉家”用芝田仙人之典写疑是芝田采玉之家——疑是芝田采玉家。二句写门前笙鹤归时晚、疑是芝田采玉家:门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家。以“门前笙鹤归时晚”用笙鹤之典写门前笙鹤、归来已晚,以“疑是芝田采玉家”用芝田之典写疑是芝田、采玉之家,正是赵孟頫诗写芝田采玉的归结——笙鹤归晚,疑是芝田。

The closing uses the piped cranes and magic fields allusions: 'at the door, the piped cranes return late' — the immortal's crane-borne return; 'I wonder if this is the home of jade-gatherers by the magic fields' — the fairy fields of lingzhi. Zhao Mengfu's resolution of the immortal dwelling: the cranes late, the magic fields suspected.

Study

Word focus

柳花 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “溪上东风吹柳花”之“柳花”,写柳花(柳絮),是全诗写春景的关键词。“柳花”写柳絮之花——溪上东风吹拂柳花。这一词写花之柳:不是桃杏之花,而柳花;不是可状之色,而飞絮如雪。以“溪上东风吹柳花”写溪上东风、吹拂柳花,正是赵孟頫诗写溪上春景的起点。
金沙 Writes the light refracted on the spring water; a splendid yet never vulgar color. “溪头春水带金沙”之“金沙”,写金色的沙粒,是全诗写溪水之美的关键词。“金沙”写金色的沙——溪头春水带着金沙。这一词写沙之金:不是灰暗之沙,而金沙;不是可状之色,而细沙如金。以“溪头春水带金沙”写溪头春水、淘带金沙,正是赵孟頫诗写溪上春景的笔法。
笙鹤 Flute and cranes of the immortals mark the return, hinting that the dweller is lofty and pure. “门前笙鹤归时晚”之“笙鹤”,用仙人笙鹤之典写笙鹤,是全诗写仙逸之意的典故词。“笙鹤”用仙人骑鹤吹笙之典——门前笙鹤、归来已晚。这一词写鹤之笙:不是凡禽之鹤,而笙鹤;不是可状之物,而仙人骑乘。以“门前笙鹤归时晚”用笙鹤之典写门前笙鹤、归来已晚,正是赵孟頫诗写芝田采玉的笔法。
芝田 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “疑是芝田采玉家”之“芝田”,用芝田之典(仙人种芝之田)写芝田,是全诗写仙境的归结词。“芝田”用仙人所居芝田之典——疑是芝田采玉之家。这一词写田之仙:不是凡尘之田,而芝田;不是可状之地,而仙人芝圃。以“门前笙鹤归时晚,疑是芝田采玉家”用芝田之典写疑是芝田、采玉之家,正是赵孟頫诗写芝田采玉的归结。

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