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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

鹧鸪天·家住苍烟落照间

The, Partridge, in, the, Sky, the, Home, Dwelling, Amid, the, Mist, of, the, Blue, and, the, Setting, Light

陆游

Lu You

隐逸Hermitage 感慨Theme

家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关。
斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山。
贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜。
元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲。

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Meaning

A poem of the dwelling and the contentment, written by Lu You. The home dwelling amid the mist of the blue and the setting light, not the least of the worldly affairs related to it — the dwelling of the opening. Pouring the last of the jade wine walking through the bamboo, rolling up the Classic of the Yellow Court lying watching the mountains — the life of the middle. And the close's originally knowing the Maker of the heart the bowels different, making old the heroes as if it were nothing — the close's complaint. The poem is the dwelling and the contentment: the wine, the mountains, and the close's complaint.

家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关。斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山。贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜。元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, home, dwelling, amid, the, mist, of, the, blue, and, the, setting, light, not, the, least, of, the, worldly, affairs, related, to, it. Pouring, the, last, of, the, jade, wine, walking, through, the, bamboo, rolling, up, the, Classic, of, the, Yellow, Court, lying, watching, the, mountains. Greedy, for, the, proud, singing, carefree, leaving, to, the, failing, of, the, age, the, decline, not, minding, everywhere, a, single, joyful, face. Originally, knowing, the, Maker, of, the, heart, the, bowels, different, making, old, the, heroes, as, if, it, were, nothing. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the dwelling of the mist with the wine, through the contentment of the singing with the mountains, to the close's the complaint of the Maker. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the complaint: greedy for the proud singing carefree, and the close's originally knowing the Maker of the heart the bowels different making old the heroes as if it were nothing — the dwelling gathered in the contentment and the close's complaint. [Emotional Tone] Carefree, content, and complaining: the poem is the wine, the singing and the close's complaint.

【白话串讲】陆游写《鹧鸪天·家住苍烟落照间》：“家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关”——“斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山”——“贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜”——“元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲”——他写闲居——老却英雄似等闲。【意象与手法】此词写隐逸，以感慨写隐逸，是陆游的名篇。上片写隐居：「家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关。斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山」写家住苍烟落照间、丝毫尘事不相关——写尽隐居的闲适；下片写感慨：「贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜。元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲」写贪啸傲、任衰残、不妨随处一开颜——写尽英雄的感慨。全词以感慨写隐逸，写尽隐居的闲适与英雄的感慨，是陆游的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写隐逸，以感慨写隐逸，是陆游的名篇。此词为陆游晚年闲居山阴（今浙江绍兴）之作，写其闲适生活与英雄迟暮的感慨。陆游一生力主抗金，壮志难酬，晚年退居家乡，此词正以隐逸写其不平。上片写家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关；斟残玉瀣（美酒）而行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》（道教经书）而卧看山。下片写贪啸傲而任衰残，不妨随处一开颜；元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲。此词写隐居：家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关——写家住苍烟落照间、丝毫尘事不相关，写尽隐居的闲适；斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山——写斟残玉瀣行穿竹、卷罢《黄庭》卧看山，写尽穿竹的闲适；贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜——写贪啸傲、任衰残、不妨随处一开颜，写尽开颜的随缘；元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲——写元知造物心肠别、老却英雄似等闲，写尽英雄的感慨。全词以感慨写隐逸——那「丝毫尘事不相关」写尽隐居的闲适，「老却英雄似等闲」写尽英雄的感慨，写尽隐居的闲适与英雄的感慨，是理解陆游隐逸词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关」写隐居的闲适；「元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲」写英雄的感慨；以及全词以感慨写隐逸、以闲适写不平的手法。

Background

Lu You (1125-1210), the great poet of the Song, wrote this 'The, Partridge, in, the, Sky, the, Home, Dwelling, Amid, the, Mist, of, the, Blue, and, the, Setting, Light' of the dwelling and the contentment — the contentment of the dwelling in the years of the retirement. The dwelling of the mist with the wine, and the close's the complaint of the Maker — the poem gathers the contentment of the poet, the complaint of the hero. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the idleness.

此词写隐逸，以感慨写隐逸，是陆游的名篇。陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋文学家、史学家、爱国诗人。此词为陆游晚年闲居山阴（今浙江绍兴）之作，写其闲适生活与英雄迟暮的感慨。陆游一生力主抗金，壮志难酬，晚年退居家乡，此词正以隐逸写其不平。上片写家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关；斟残玉瀣（美酒）而行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》（道教经书）而卧看山。下片写贪啸傲而任衰残，不妨随处一开颜；元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲。此词写隐居：「家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关」写家住苍烟落照间、丝毫尘事不相关——写尽隐居的闲适（家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关）；「斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山」写斟残玉瀣行穿竹、卷罢《黄庭》卧看山——写尽穿竹的闲适（斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山）；「贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜」写贪啸傲、任衰残、不妨随处一开颜——写尽开颜的随缘（贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜）；「元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲」写元知造物心肠别、老却英雄似等闲——写尽英雄的感慨（元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲）。全词以感慨写隐逸，写尽隐居的闲适与英雄的感慨，是理解陆游隐逸词的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the complaint. The dwelling opens: the, home, dwelling, amid, the, mist, of, the, blue, and, the, setting, light — the home dwelling of the mist of the blue; not, the, least, of, the, worldly, affairs, related, to, it — the worldly affairs of the not related; pouring, the, last, of, the, jade, wine, walking, through, the, bamboo — the jade wine of the walking through the bamboo; rolling, up, the, Classic, of, the, Yellow, Court, lying, watching, the, mountains — the Classic of the Yellow Court of the watching the mountains; greedy, for, the, proud, singing, carefree — the proud singing of the greedy; leaving, to, the, failing, of, the, age, the, decline — the failing of the age of the leaving; not, minding, everywhere, a, single, joyful, face — the joyful face of the not minding. And the close gathers the complaint: originally, knowing, the, Maker, of, the, heart, the, bowels, different — the Maker of the heart the bowels; making, old, the, heroes, as, if, it, were, nothing — the heroes of the making old — the dwelling, the contentment and the close's complaint, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以白描写隐居。「家住苍烟落照间」以白描写隐居——那「苍烟落照」写尽苍烟的落照，以白描写尽隐居的闲适。其二，以细节写闲适。「斟残玉瀣行穿竹」以细节写闲适——那「斟残玉瀣」「卷罢《黄庭》」写尽斟酒的闲适，以细节写尽穿竹的闲适。其三，以转折写开颜。「不妨随处一开颜」以转折写开颜——那「不妨」写尽随处的不妨，以转折写尽开颜的随缘。其四，以点破写感慨。「老却英雄似等闲」以点破写感慨——那「老却英雄」写尽老去的英雄，以点破写尽英雄的感慨。此外，此词上片写隐居的闲适，下片写英雄的感慨，由闲及慨，正是隐逸词「以闲写慨」的写法。四重手法，使此词以感慨写隐逸，写尽隐居的闲适与英雄的感慨，是陆游的代表作。此词还善于以「斟残玉瀣行穿竹」的「行穿竹」写穿竹之行——那「斟残玉瀣」「行穿竹」写尽穿竹的闲行，正是以行写闲，以「穿竹」写尽隐居的闲适。又善以「卷罢《黄庭》卧看山」的「卧看山」写看山之卧——卷罢黄庭卧看山，正见卧看青山的闲逸，以「卧看山」写尽隐居的闲适。

Allusions

'The Classic of the Yellow Court' (huang ting) is the Classic of the Yellow Court — the classic of the Yellow, the rolling up of the middle — the classic of the Daoist, the reading of the retirement; 'the Maker' (zao wu) is the Maker — the Maker of the things, the heart the bowels of the close.

此词的用语深植于隐逸与感慨传统。「苍烟落照」令人想到「苍烟落照」写暮色的意象——也令人想到「山映斜阳天接水」（范仲淹）的意象；「尘事」令人想到「尘事」写尘世之事的意象——也令人想到「尘世难逢开口笑」（杜牧）的意象；「玉瀣」令人想到「玉瀣」写美酒的意象——玉瀣为美酒名，也令人想到「玉液琼浆」的意象；「黄庭」令人想到「黄庭」写《黄庭经》的意象——道教经书，也令人想到「黄庭换鹅」的意象；「啸傲」令人想到「啸傲」写长啸傲世的意象——也令人想到陶渊明《饮酒》「啸傲东轩下」的意象；「造物」令人想到「造物」写造物主的意象——也令人想到「造物者」的意象。全词化用苍烟落照、尘事、玉瀣、黄庭、啸傲、造物的意象，以感慨写隐逸，正是陆游「沉郁」而善写真、承隐逸传统写感慨之本领。「苍烟」令人想到「苍烟」写苍茫暮霭的意象——也令人想到「烟波江上使人愁」的意象；「落照」令人想到「落照」写夕阳的意象——也令人想到「夕阳无限好」（李商隐）的意象，以落照写暮色之美。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Lu You's poems of the idleness, quoted for the contentment of its opening and the depth of its close. The Classic of the Yellow Court of the watching the mountains, and the heroes of the making old, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's complaint: the dwelling gathered in the contentment, to the close's regret.

此词历来被推为陆游隐逸词的名篇，也是宋词写英雄迟暮的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以感慨写隐逸，旷达中见沉郁」；近人更指出「元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲」写英雄的感慨，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以两片的中调写尽隐居的闲适与英雄的感慨——那家住，那苍烟落照间，那丝毫尘事不相关，那斟残玉瀣，那行穿竹，那卷罢黄庭，那卧看山，那贪啸傲，那任衰残，那不妨随处一开颜，那元知，那造物心肠别，那老却英雄，那似等闲，都写尽了陆游笔下的鹧鸪天；那「老却英雄似等闲」更以点破写尽英雄的感慨。此词与陆游《书愤》（「早岁那知世事艰」）同为感慨名篇，一写「铁马秋风大散关」的书愤（书愤），一写「家住苍烟落照间」的隐居（鹧鸪天）；又与陶渊明《归园田居》「久在樊笼里」的归隐传统一脉相承，可见中国词写隐逸的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解陆游隐逸词的窗口，也是宋词写英雄迟暮的经典——那等闲老去的英雄，穿越千年，仍在诉说着英雄的感慨。

Prosody

Form A ci of the dwelling (zhe gu tian)词·鹧鸪天

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the content complaint.鹧鸪天，押「间」「关」「山」「颜」「闲」韵（平声），平韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the complaint: the level opening with the dwelling, the turning with the contentment, and the close's fall with the nothing.此词为鹧鸪天词调，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节旷达，正合隐逸的旷达。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its regret: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'lao que ying xiong si deng xian' — falls with the nothing, the sound of the complaint of the dwelling poet.此词为鹧鸪天词调，两片——上片「家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关。斟残玉瀣行穿竹，卷罢《黄庭》卧看山」；下片「贪啸傲，任衰残，不妨随处一开颜。元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲」，押平韵（间、关、山、颜、闲），一韵到底，音节旷达。全词以感慨写隐逸：上片写隐居的闲适（家住苍烟落照间、斟残玉瀣行穿竹），下片写英雄的感慨（贪啸傲任衰残、老却英雄似等闲）。两片短章，前写隐居，后写感慨，以「老却英雄似等闲」写尽英雄的感慨，正见陆游「沉郁」的本色。诵读此词，宜以旷达的语调读「丝毫尘事不相关」的隐居，以沉郁的语调读「老却英雄似等闲」的感慨，结句要读得旷达而有余韵，方能传达出陆游的旷达沉郁。陆游词以「沉郁」著称，此词正是其隐逸词的典范。

Line by line

元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲

I knew of old the Creator's heart was strange; to let heroes grow old He holds as a common thing.

元知造物心肠别，老却英雄似等闲。

I knew all along the Creator's heart is otherwise; to let heroes grow old, He takes as a commonplace matter.

此二句是全词写感慨的核心，以元知造物心肠别写心肠别，以老却英雄似等闲写似等闲，写尽英雄的感慨，是千古名句。「元知造物心肠别」写元知造物心肠别——那「元知造物」写元知造物，「心肠别」写心肠别，写尽造物的心肠；「老却英雄似等闲」写老却英雄似等闲——那「老却英雄」写老却英雄，「似等闲」写似等闲，写尽英雄的老却。这句的深意在于：它以「元知造物心肠别」的心肠别与「老却英雄似等闲」的似等闲，写尽英雄的感慨——元知造物心肠别，那「元知造物心肠别」写尽造物的心肠——元知造物，正是早知造物的写照，那「心肠别」写尽英雄的感慨；老却英雄似等闲，那「老却英雄似等闲」写尽英雄的老却——老却英雄，正是英雄老去的写照，那「似等闲」写尽英雄的感慨；那「元知造物心肠别」写尽造物的心肠，那「老却英雄似等闲」写尽英雄的老却，一写造物，一写英雄，写尽英雄的感慨——造物心别而英雄等闲老去，正是壮志难酬的写照；此二句以造物、英雄写尽英雄的感慨，也让此二句成为全词写感慨的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我早知道老天爷心思不同，把英雄老去看得平常」，则失其沉郁；唯以「元知造物心肠别」写心肠别、「老却英雄似等闲」写似等闲，写尽英雄的感慨，也让此二句成为全词写感慨的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's lament, 'I knew of old the Creator's heart was strange' the strange heart, 'to let heroes grow old He holds as a common thing' the commonplace, writing the hero's grief, a famous line. 'I knew of old the Creator's heart was strange' - knowing long ago the Creator's ways, the 'strange heart' the lament against heaven; 'to let heroes grow old He holds as a common thing' - heroes growing old, held as nothing, the 'commonplace' writing the grief of the unfulfilled will. The Creator's strange heart and the heroes' easy aging, the portrait of the lofty ambition unfulfilled; one line the Creator, one the hero, the lament complete. If one said plainly 'I knew heaven would let heroes age as ordinary,' the depth would be lost; only the Creator's strange heart and heroes held to a common old age hold the pathos.

家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关

My home lies among the gray mist and the sinking light; not a thread of worldly care touches me.

家住苍烟落照间，丝毫尘事不相关。

My home lies among the gray mists and the setting sun; no thread of worldly affairs concerns me.

此二句是全词写隐居的核心，以家住苍烟落照间写落照间，以丝毫尘事不相关写不相关，写尽隐居的闲适，是千古名句。「家住苍烟落照间」写家住苍烟落照间——那「家住苍烟」写家住苍烟，「落照间」写落照间，写尽苍烟的落照；「丝毫尘事不相关」写丝毫尘事不相关——那「丝毫尘事」写丝毫尘事，「不相关」写不相关，写尽尘事的不关。这句的深意在于：它以「家住苍烟落照间」的落照间与「丝毫尘事不相关」的不相关，写尽隐居的闲适——家住苍烟落照间，那「家住苍烟落照间」写尽苍烟的落照——家住苍烟，正是家住暮霭的写照，那「落照间」写尽隐居的闲适；丝毫尘事不相关，那「丝毫尘事不相关」写尽尘事的不关——丝毫尘事，正是半点尘事的写照，那「不相关」写尽隐居的闲适；那「家住苍烟落照间」写尽苍烟的落照，那「丝毫尘事不相关」写尽尘事的不关，一写家住，一写不关，写尽隐居的闲适——家住烟霞而尘事无关，正是隐士的写照；此二句以苍烟、尘事写尽隐居的闲适，也为下文的感慨作铺垫，也让此二句成为全词写隐居的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我家住在烟霞夕阳里，世间的事都与我无关」，则失其旷远；唯以「家住苍烟落照间」写落照间、「丝毫尘事不相关」写不相关，写尽隐居的闲适，也让此二句成为全词写隐居的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's seclusion, 'my home lies among the gray mist and the sinking light' the sinking light, 'not a thread of worldly care touches me' the unconcern, writing the hermit's ease, a famous line. 'My home lies among the gray mist and the sinking light' - the home in the evening haze, the 'sinking light' writing the distant ease; 'not a thread of worldly care touches me' - not a thread of worldly affair, the 'not concerning' writing the hermit's freedom. The home in mist and sunset, worldly cares none, the hermit's portrait; one line the home, one the unconcern, the ease complete. If one said plainly 'my home is in the mist and sunset and the world's affairs mean nothing to me,' the breadth would be lost; only the home among gray mists and sinking light and not a thread of worldly care hold the leisure.

Study

Word focus

残 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「斟残玉瀣行穿竹」之「残」字是写闲适的关键词，一个「残」字写尽斟残的玉瀣。残者，将尽、残剩也。陆游以「斟残玉瀣行穿竹」写闲适，这个「残」字至少有双重意味：其一，写酒之残——那「斟残玉瀣行穿竹」写斟残玉瀣行穿竹，那「残」字写尽斟残的玉瀣——斟残玉瀣，正是酒残将尽的写照，那「残」字写尽穿竹的闲适；其二，写时之闲——那「残」字更是写闲——残，正见独酌余暇的闲情，那「残」字写尽陆游的闲适。以「残」字写闲适，正是陆游写隐逸的枢纽——若换作「尽」「干」等字，则或失其与「斟残玉瀣」「行穿竹」的配合，或失其写残的意味；唯「残」字，以斟残玉瀣行穿竹写尽玉瀣之将尽与独酌之余暇，与「卷罢《黄庭》卧看山」的黄庭相合，写尽隐居的闲适，也让「斟残玉瀣行穿竹」成为全词写闲适的名句。

等闲 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「老却英雄似等闲」之「等闲」是写感慨的关键词，一个「等闲」写尽英雄的老却。等闲者，寻常、随便也。陆游以「老却英雄似等闲」写感慨，这个「等闲」至少有双重意味：其一，写老之等闲——那「老却英雄似等闲」写老却英雄似等闲，那「等闲」写尽英雄的老却——似等闲，正是视之如常的写照，那「等闲」写尽英雄的感慨；其二，写心之愤——那「等闲」更是写愤——等闲，正见英雄等闲老去的愤懑，那「等闲」写尽陆游的沉郁。以「等闲」写感慨，正是陆游写隐逸的枢纽——若换作「寻常」「平常」等词，则或失其与「老却英雄」「似等闲」的配合，或失其写等闲的意味；唯「等闲」二字，以老却英雄似等闲写尽英雄之等闲老去与壮志之难酬，与「元知造物心肠别」的造物相合，写尽英雄的感慨，也让「老却英雄似等闲」成为全词写感慨的名句。