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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

酌酒与裴迪

The, Pouring, the, Wine, for, the, Pei, the, Di

王维

Wang Wei

感慨Theme 交谊Theme

酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜。
白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠。
草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒。
世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐。

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Meaning

A poem of the consolation and the detachment, written by Wang Wei. Pouring the wine for you and you of your own self comforting, the feelings of the human world turning over like the waves — the consolation of the opening. The white haired friends of the knowing still pressing the swords, the vermilion gates the first reaching laughing the flicking of the caps — the world of the middle. And the close's the affairs of the world the floating clouds what worth the asking, not as good as the lying high and moreover the adding the meals — the close's detachment. The poem is the consolation and the detachment: the waves, the clouds, and the close's detachment.

酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜。白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠。草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒。世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] Pouring, the, wine, for, you, and, you, of, your, own, self, comforting, the, feelings, of, the, human, world, turning, over, like, the, waves. The, white, haired, friends, of, the, knowing, still, pressing, the, swords, the, vermilion, gates, the, first, reaching, laughing, the, flicking, of, the, caps. The, color, of, the, grass, all, passed, through, the, fine, rain, wet, the, branches, of, the, flowers, wanting, to, stir, the, spring, wind, cold. The, affairs, of, the, world, the, floating, clouds, what, worth, the, asking, not, as, good, as, the, lying, high, and, moreover, the, adding, the, meals. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the consolation of the wine with the waves, through the world of the swords with the caps, to the close's the detachment of the lying high. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the detachment: the color of the grass all passed through the fine rain wet, and the close's the affairs of the world the floating clouds what worth the asking not as good as the lying high and moreover the adding the meals — the consolation gathered in the world and the close's detachment. [Emotional Tone] Detached, consoling, and wise: the poem is the waves, the clouds and the close's detachment.

【白话串讲】王维写《酌酒与裴迪》：“酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜”——“白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠”——“草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒”——“世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐”——他劝裴迪看开世事。【意象与手法】此诗写感慨，以劝慰写感慨，是王维的名篇。前四句写人情：「酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜。白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠」写酌酒与君君自宽、人情翻覆似波澜——写尽翻覆的人情；后四句写劝慰：「草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒。世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐」写草色全经细雨湿、花枝欲动春风寒——写尽浮云的世事。全诗以劝慰写感慨，写尽翻覆的人情与浮云的世事，是王维的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写感慨，以劝慰写感慨，是王维的名篇。此诗为王维与裴迪对饮时所作，劝慰友人看破人情、超然自适。裴迪是王维的挚友，二人同隐辋川，此诗写人情翻覆的感慨与高卧加餐的劝慰。此诗写酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜；白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠；草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒；世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐。此诗写人情：酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜——写酌酒与君君自宽、人情翻覆似波澜，写尽翻覆的人情；白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠——写白首相知犹按剑、朱门先达笑弹冠，写尽按剑的相知；草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒——写草色全经细雨湿、花枝欲动春风寒，写尽细雨的草色；世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐——写世事浮云何足问、不如高卧且加餐，写尽浮云的世事。全诗以劝慰写感慨——那「人情翻覆似波澜」写尽翻覆的人情，「不如高卧且加餐」写尽高卧的加餐，写尽翻覆的人情与浮云的世事，是理解王维感慨诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜」写翻覆的人情；「白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠」写按剑的相知；以及全诗以劝慰写感慨、以用典写人情的手法。

Background

Wang Wei (701-761), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'The, Pouring, the, Wine, for, the, Pei, the, Di' of the consolation and the detachment — the consolation for the friend in the late years. The world of the swords with the caps, and the close's the detachment of the lying high — the poem gathers the wisdom of the poet, the consolation of the friend. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the consolation.

此诗写感慨，以劝慰写感慨，是王维的名篇。王维（701—761），字摩诘，号摩诘居士，河东蒲州（今山西永济）人，唐代诗人、画家，与孟浩然并称「王孟」。此诗为王维与裴迪对饮时所作，劝慰友人看破人情、超然自适。裴迪是王维的挚友，二人同隐辋川，此诗写人情翻覆的感慨与高卧加餐的劝慰。此诗写酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜；白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠；草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒；世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐。此诗写人情：「酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜」写酌酒与君君自宽、人情翻覆似波澜——写尽翻覆的人情（酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜）；「白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠」写白首相知犹按剑、朱门先达笑弹冠——写尽按剑的相知（白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠）；「草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒」写草色全经细雨湿、花枝欲动春风寒——写尽细雨的草色（草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒）；「世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐」写世事浮云何足问、不如高卧且加餐——写尽浮云的世事（世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐）。全诗以劝慰写感慨，写尽翻覆的人情与浮云的世事，是理解王维感慨诗的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the detachment. The consolation opens: pouring, the, wine, for, you, and, you, of, your, own, self, comforting — the pouring the wine of the comforting; the, feelings, of, the, human, world, turning, over, like, the, waves — the feelings of the turning over the waves; the, white, haired, friends, of, the, knowing, still, pressing, the, swords — the white haired of the pressing the swords; the, vermilion, gates, the, first, reaching, laughing, the, flicking, of, the, caps — the vermilion gates of the flicking the caps; the, color, of, the, grass, all, passed, through, the, fine, rain, wet — the grass of the fine rain wet; the, branches, of, the, flowers, wanting, to, stir, the, spring, wind, cold — the flowers of the spring wind cold. And the close gathers the detachment: the, affairs, of, the, world, the, floating, clouds, what, worth, the, asking — the floating clouds of the not worth the asking; not, as, good, as, the, lying, high, and, moreover, the, adding, the, meals — the lying high of the adding the meals — the consolation, the world and the close's detachment, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以直抒写感慨。「酌酒与君君自宽」以直抒写感慨——那「君自宽」写尽酌酒的宽慰，以直抒写尽酌酒的宽慰。其二，以比喻写人情。「人情翻覆似波澜」以比喻写人情——那「似波澜」写尽翻覆的波澜，以比喻写尽翻覆的人情。其三，以用典写世态。「白首相知犹按剑」以用典写世态——那「按剑」用《史记》典写世态，以用典写尽按剑的相知。其四，以旷达写劝慰。「不如高卧且加餐」以旷达写劝慰——那「高卧且加餐」写尽高卧的加餐，以旷达写尽浮云的世事。此外，此诗前四句写翻覆的人情，后四句写浮云的世事，由情及理，正是感慨诗「以理写慨」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以劝慰写感慨，写尽翻覆的人情与浮云的世事，是王维的代表作。此诗还善于以「草色全经细雨湿」的「全经」写草色之全湿——那「草色全经细雨湿」写尽细雨的草色，正是以全写遍，以「全经」写尽细雨的草色。又善以「世事浮云何足问」的「何足」写世事之不足问——世事浮云何足问，正见世事如云的旷达，以「何足」写尽浮云的世事。

Allusions

'The flicking of the caps' (tan guan) is the flicking of the caps — the flicking of the caps, the laughing of the middle — the allusion of the cap of the official, the joy of the advancement; 'the floating clouds' (fu yun) are the floating clouds — the clouds of the floating, the affairs of the close — the words of the Confucius: 'the unrighteous wealth and the honor, to me, are like the floating clouds'.

此诗的用语深植于感慨与劝慰传统。「酌酒」令人想到「酌酒」写斟酒的意象——也令人想到「花间一壶酒」（李白）的意象；「波澜」令人想到「波澜」写波澜的意象——也令人想到「波澜不惊」的意象；「按剑」令人想到「按剑」写按剑的意象——《史记·邹阳传》「白首如新，倾盖如故」，也令人想到「按剑相眄」的意象；「弹冠」令人想到「弹冠」写弹冠的意象——《汉书》「弹冠相庆」，也令人想到「弹冠振衣」的意象；「浮云」令人想到「浮云」写浮云的意象——也令人想到「富贵于我如浮云」（杜甫）的意象；「高卧」令人想到「高卧」写高卧的意象——也令人想到「高卧东山」的意象。全诗化用酌酒、波澜、按剑、弹冠、浮云、高卧的意象典故，以劝慰写感慨，正是王维「浑成」而善用典、承感慨传统写劝慰之本领。「按剑」令人想到「按剑」写按剑的意象——也令人想到「白首如新」的意象；「弹冠」令人想到「弹冠」写弹冠的意象——也令人想到「弹冠相庆」的意象，以按剑弹冠写世态。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Wang Wei's poems of the consolation, quoted for the wisdom of its opening and the detachment of its close. The feelings of the turning over the waves, and the floating clouds of the not worth the asking, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's wisdom: the consolation gathered in the world, to the close's detachment.

此诗历来被推为王维感慨诗的名篇，也是唐诗写人情世态的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以劝慰写感慨，深婉旷达」；近人更指出「白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠」写按剑的相知，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以八句的七律写尽翻覆的人情与浮云的世事——那酌酒，那与君，那君自宽，那人情，那翻覆，那似波澜，那白首，那相知，那犹按剑，那朱门，那先达，那笑弹冠，那草色，那全经细雨湿，那花枝，那欲动春风寒，那世事，那浮云，那何足问，那不如，那高卧，那且加餐，都写尽了王维笔下的酌酒与裴迪；那「不如高卧且加餐」更以旷达写尽浮云的世事。此诗与王维《终南别业》「行到水穷处，坐看云起时」同为旷达名篇，一写「兴来每独往」的终南（终南别业），一写「不如高卧且加餐」的酌酒（酌酒与裴迪）；又与李白《将进酒》「人生得意须尽欢」的劝酒传统一脉相承，可见唐诗写劝慰的传统。对于今日读者，此诗是理解王维感慨诗的窗口，也是唐诗写人情世态的经典——那高卧的加餐，穿越千年，仍在诉说着浮云的世事。

Prosody

Form A regulated poem of the consolation (qi yan lü shi)诗·七言律诗

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the regulated poem that carries the wise detachment.七律，押「宽」「澜」「冠」「寒」「餐」韵（上平十四寒），一韵到底，音节深婉

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the detachment: the level opening with the consolation, the turning with the world, and the close's fall with the meals.此诗为七言律诗，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节深婉，正合感慨的深婉。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its wisdom: the cadences of the regulated poem, and the close — 'bu ru gao wo qie jia can' — falls with the meals, the sound of the detachment of the consolation poet.此诗为七言律诗，八句——「酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜。白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠。草色全经细雨湿，花枝欲动春风寒。世事浮云何足问，不如高卧且加餐」，押「寒」韵（宽、澜、冠、寒、餐），一韵到底，音节深婉。全诗以劝慰写感慨：前四句写翻覆的人情（酌酒与君君自宽、朱门先达笑弹冠），后四句写浮云的世事（草色全经细雨湿、不如高卧且加餐）。八句短章，前写感慨，后写劝慰，以「不如高卧且加餐」写尽浮云的世事，正见王维「浑成」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以深婉的语调读「人情翻覆似波澜」的感慨，以旷达的语调读「不如高卧且加餐」的劝慰，结句要读得深婉而有余韵，方能传达出王维的深婉旷达。王维律诗以「浑成」著称，此诗正是其感慨诗的典范。

Line by line

白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠

Lifelong friends, white-haired, still hand on the sword; the early arrivistes in the red mansions laugh and clap their hats.

白首相知犹按剑，朱门先达笑弹冠。

White-headed old friends still lay hands on their swords; the upstarts in the red mansions laugh as they clap their hats for office.

此二句是全诗写世态的核心，以白首相知犹按剑写犹按剑，以朱门先达笑弹冠写笑弹冠，写尽按剑的相知，是千古名句。「白首相知犹按剑」写白首相知犹按剑——那「白首相知」写白首相知，「犹按剑」写犹按剑，写尽按剑的相知；「朱门先达笑弹冠」写朱门先达笑弹冠——那「朱门先达」写朱门先达，「笑弹冠」写笑弹冠，写尽弹冠的朱门。这句的深意在于：它以「白首相知犹按剑」的犹按剑与「朱门先达笑弹冠」的笑弹冠，写尽按剑的相知——白首相知犹按剑，那「白首相知犹按剑」写尽按剑的相知——白首相知，正是白首之交的写照，那「犹按剑」写尽按剑的相知；朱门先达笑弹冠，那「朱门先达笑弹冠」写尽弹冠的朱门——朱门先达笑弹冠，正是先达弹冠的写照，那「笑弹冠」写尽按剑的相知；那「白首相知犹按剑」写尽按剑的相知，那「朱门先达笑弹冠」写尽弹冠的朱门，一写相知，一写先达，写尽按剑的相知——白首相知而先达弹冠，正是世态的写照；此二句以相知、先达写尽按剑的相知，也让此二句成为全诗写世态的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「白首之交尚且按剑相向，朱门先达还笑着弹冠相庆」，则失其用典；唯以「白首相知犹按剑」写犹按剑、「朱门先达笑弹冠」写笑弹冠，写尽按剑的相知，也让此二句成为全诗写世态的核心。

These two lines are the core of the poem's worldliness, 'white-headed friends still hand on the sword' the sword-hand, 'the early arrivistes in the red mansions laugh and clap their hats' the clapping hats, writing the sword-hand among friends, a famous line. 'White-headed old friends still lay hands on their swords' - lifelong friends, yet still hand on the sword, the distrust even between old friends; 'the upstarts in the red mansions laugh as they clap their hats' - the allusion to 'clap the hat' (ready to take office, from Ji Gong and Guan Ning), the new men laughing as they prepare their hats. White-haired friends with hands on swords and upstarts clapping hats, the portrait of the world's ways; one line the friends, one the arrivistes, the worldliness complete. If one said plainly 'old friends still distrust each other, upstarts laugh over their new posts,' the allusion would be lost; only the white-headed friends still on their swords and the red-mansion men laughing as they clap their hats hold the satire.

酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜

I pour you wine; comfort yourself, my friend - human favor turns and overturns like the waves.

酌酒与君君自宽，人情翻覆似波澜。

I pour you wine; comfort yourself, my friend - the human heart turns and veers like the billows.

此二句是全诗写感慨的核心，以酌酒与君君自宽写君自宽，以人情翻覆似波澜写似波澜，写尽翻覆的人情，是千古名句。「酌酒与君君自宽」写酌酒与君君自宽——那「酌酒与君」写酌酒与君，「君自宽」写君自宽，写尽酌酒的宽慰；「人情翻覆似波澜」写人情翻覆似波澜——那「人情翻覆」写人情翻覆，「似波澜」写似波澜，写尽翻覆的波澜。这句的深意在于：它以「酌酒与君君自宽」的君自宽与「人情翻覆似波澜」的似波澜，写尽翻覆的人情——酌酒与君君自宽，那「酌酒与君君自宽」写尽酌酒的宽慰——酌酒与君，正是斟酒劝友的写照，那「君自宽」写尽翻覆的人情；人情翻覆似波澜，那「人情翻覆似波澜」写尽翻覆的波澜——人情翻覆似波澜，正是人情如浪的写照，那「似波澜」写尽翻覆的人情；那「酌酒与君君自宽」写尽酌酒的宽慰，那「人情翻覆似波澜」写尽翻覆的波澜，一写酌酒，一写波澜，写尽翻覆的人情——酌酒劝宽而人情如浪，正是感慨的写照；此二句以酌酒、波澜写尽翻覆的人情，也为下文的按剑作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写感慨的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「斟酒给你让你自己宽心，人情反复就像波澜一样」，则失其感慨；唯以「酌酒与君君自宽」写君自宽、「人情翻覆似波澜」写似波澜，写尽翻覆的人情，也让此二句成为全诗写感慨的核心。

These two lines are the core of the poem's lament, 'I pour you wine; comfort yourself, my friend' the comfort, 'human favor turns and overturns like the waves' the waves, writing the fickle human heart, a famous line. 'I pour you wine; comfort yourself, my friend' - pouring wine to urge the friend, the 'comfort yourself' writing the shared grief; 'human favor turns and overturns like the waves' - human favor like rolling waves, the 'like the waves' writing the inconstancy. Pouring wine to comfort and the human heart like waves, the portrait of the lament; one line the wine, one the waves, the grief complete. If one said plainly 'I pour you wine to comfort you, human favor turns like waves,' the feeling would be lost; only pouring the wine for the friend's comfort and the human heart turning like billows hold the lament.

Study

Word focus

翻 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「人情翻覆似波澜」之「翻」字是写感慨的关键词，一个「翻」字写尽翻覆的人情。翻者，翻覆、反复也。王维以「人情翻覆似波澜」写感慨，这个「翻」字至少有双重意味：其一，写情之翻——那「人情翻覆似波澜」写人情翻覆似波澜，那「翻」字写尽翻覆的人情——翻覆，正是反复无常的写照，那「翻」字写尽翻覆的人情；其二，写世之变——那「翻」字更是写变——翻，正见人情冷暖的变幻，那「翻」字写尽王维的感慨。以「翻」字写感慨，正是王维写劝慰的枢纽——若换作「覆」「变」等字，则或失其与「人情」「覆似波澜」的配合，或失其写翻的意味；唯「翻」字，以人情翻覆似波澜写尽人情之翻覆与世态之变幻，与「酌酒与君君自宽」的宽慰相合，写尽翻覆的人情，也让「人情翻覆似波澜」成为全诗写感慨的名句。

且 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「不如高卧且加餐」之「且」字是写劝慰的关键词，一个「且」字写尽高卧的加餐。且者，姑且、暂且也。王维以「不如高卧且加餐」写劝慰，这个「且」字至少有双重意味：其一，写餐之且——那「不如高卧且加餐」写不如高卧且加餐，那「且」字写尽高卧的加餐——且加餐，正是姑且加餐的写照，那「且」字写尽浮云的世事；其二，写情之旷——那「且」字更是写旷——且，正见姑且如此的旷达，那「且」字写尽王维的旷达。以「且」字写劝慰，正是王维写感慨的枢纽——若换作「先」「再」等字，则或失其与「不如高卧」「加餐」的配合，或失其写且的意味；唯「且」字，以不如高卧且加餐写尽加餐之姑且与处世之旷达，与「世事浮云何足问」的浮云相合，写尽浮云的世事，也让「不如高卧且加餐」成为全诗写劝慰的名句。